此景只应天上有 人间哪得几回闻——彭州市白鹿镇中法传统风情小镇采风

从成都市区出发,经过约40公里的高速路程,便进入彭州市区境内,再驱车1小时左右便进入了白鹿镇——那个“5．12”地震中著名的“地震婚纱照”的拍摄地,那个记录瞬间灾难的地方,在一片废墟中,在教堂遗址前……象征幸福的白纱,和灾后的一片废墟,形成鲜明的对比,让我们记住了那个地方,白鹿镇的上书院。而今天,白鹿镇却以另一种特别的方式再一次“震撼”了我们的心灵。     

贵州喀斯特墓葬与民族地区的殡葬改革

Funeral and interment reform is a social revolution of changing customs and tradi-tions, which is conducive to promoting the con-struction of the socialist material, spiritual and ec-ological civilization. The replacement of burial with cremation is the direction of China’s reform on fu-neral and interment traditions. The reform itself is put forward by aiming at the disadvantages of the Han people’s traditional burial custom, however, Guizhou is a typical karst region in China, in which several forms of karst burial have existed throughout history, such as cliff coffins, cave tombs, and sarcophagi, and these customs have been continued to some certain degree up to now. Therefore, how to manage the relation between cre-mation and karst burials has a significant meaning to the respect of the ethnic minorities’ customs and promoting the funeral and interment reform in eth-nic regions. The Binzang guanli tiaoli ( Funeral and inter-ment management regulations) issued by the State Council in 1997 stipulates that “ the objective of the funeral and interment management is to carry out cremation, reform burial, save the interment land, abolish undesirable customs related to the fu-nerals and interment actively and methodically, and advocate civilized and thrifty funerary prac-tices”. That is to say, the original intentions for promoting cremation in the funeral and interment reform for many years include the advocating of thrifty funerals, reducing the burden of funerals on the masses, changing the people’s concept of luxu-rious burials, and saving the cost of funeral in the aspect of economy;banishing superstitions, getting rid of bad habits, and opposing the feudal dross in the aspect of culture; and saving resources and protecting limited cultivated land in the aspect of ecology. In general, the abolition of burial and im-plementation of cremation has become the reform direction of China’s funeral and interment system. Guizhou is a typical karst area in China. There are various forms of cliff-burying, rock tombs, sarcophagi, and cave tombs etc. , especial-ly the cave-burial which is still popular among the Waishu Miao at Taohua village in Qibo township, Pingba County and among the Qing Yao at Yaolu village in Libo County, and sarcophagus burial which is still popular among the Li clan of the Waishu Miao at Xinyi village in Guangzhao town-ship, Qinglong County. These structures reflect the karst characteris-tics of Guizhou tombs, and have an important eco-logical value. The funeral and interment reform is put forward by aiming at the drawbacks of the tra-ditional burial practices of the Han, so if the cliff burial or sarcophagus tombs which have ecological value had been forced to be replaced with crema-tion in the funeral and interment reform, it will lead to an embarrassing situation which is contrary to the original intention of the reform no matter if we consider it from cultural, economic or ecologi-cal viewpoints. Firstly, it will cause a dilemma at the cultural level. We must consider the characteristics of the funeral customs of the ethnic groups during the process of reforming the funeral and interment cus-toms in the ethnic minority areas, in other words, respect the funeral customs of ethnic minorities, as it is an important content of the CCP and the state’s policy for respecting the customs and habits of eth-nic minorities. Due to the differences in geograph-ical environment and social economy, the ethnic minorities have different funeral customs with their own characteristics. These funeral customs, as a part of ethnic culture, help to construct a ritual with a kind of ethnic identity;it is the mark of na-tional culture, which embodies ethnic emotions and maintains ethnic consciousness. The ‘univer-sal application’ in the funeral and interment sys-tem reform doubtlessly make the disappearance of karst characteristics in Guizhou’s burial culture, the diversified burial way has been replaced with single cremation, and that is not good for the pro-tection of cultural diversity. Secondly, it will cause an economic dilemma. One of the purposes of the funeral and intermentre-form is to save funeral costs, and change the con-cept of organizing luxury funerals. The traditional burial custom contains a set of complex funeral cer-emony, which is organized in a very luxurious way, spend a lot of money and increase the people’s economic burden. In contrast, cremation can save costs. However in today’s rural areas, af-ter cremation, the ashes are still buried after being put into a coffin, so it not only increases the eco-nomic burden of the people, but also does not meet the purpose for farmland conservation, hence, it is contrary to the original intention of the funeral re-form, and also causes dissatisfaction among the people. Therefore, compared with cremation, sar-cophagus and cave burial which are still popular in Guizhou are actually a more economic practice. Thirdly,it causes an ecological dilemma. The purpose of funeral reform is to save resources and protect the limited farmland. The traditional burial practice uses coffins and pile graves, which wastes wood, occupies farmland, and also pollutes the en-vironment. Therefore, the environmental protection is the premise and ultimate goal of the funeral and interment reform. Cave burial in Guizhou uses the natural caves, and does not occupy farmland; sar-cophagus burial does not use wooden coffins, so both of them belong to ecological burial practices. However, the implementation of cremation in the areas which used to conduct cave or sarcophagus-burials has created an embarrassing situation. Cave burial and sarcophagus tombs in Guizhou karst areas contain rich ecological ideas, which not only have positive social and practical significance for the protection of the ecological en-vironment of the area, but also have an important reference meaning for the promotion of “ecological funeral” or green funeral in China. Different ethnic groups and different areas have different forms of funeral customs, which have their own justifications. Therefore, the Fu-neral and Interment reform should adapt to local conditions, and take into the consideration the characteristics of the karst region in the case of Guizhou, and fully draw on the rational factors of ethnic burial. The present funeral and interment reform can take reference from the following three aspects from the ethnic burial culture of Guizhou:The first is to delimit some appropriate burial zones and maintain properly some burial customs which has ecological value. We advocate various forms of burial in these specific burial zones, for instances, tree burial of the Basha Miao in Con-gjiang country, deep burial of the Chang-clan Yao in Libo county, and sarcophagus tombs of Li-clan Waishu Miao in Qinglong County. These forms of burial with ecological protection value not only play an exemplary role for the ecological protection in ethnic regions, but also will help for the ethnic cultural inheritance. The second is to make full use of the natural characteristics of the karst area, and properly en-courage cave burial which does not take up the cul-tivated land. In this way, not only can the cave burial custom of the Yao in Libo and the Washu Miao in Pingba be kept, but also the cliff burial custom which does not take up the cultivated land could be encouraged among the residents in the karst region. This kind of cliff burial not only re-duces the waste of cultivated land, but also re-stricts the superstitious activities in the funeral. The karst area in Guizhou is very extensive, so it has a unique advantage in conducting cave burial. The funeral and interment reform can take the local conditions into consideration, and play up the ad-vantages of natural environment. Instead of empha-sizing cremation blindly, we should take the cave burial into practice. The third is to convert karst caves into ceme-tery for placing ashes so as to change the tradition-al way of building a cemetery on the hill for placing ashes in the cremation areas. In the karst area, if an area is delimited as a cremation zone, then the burial of body or burial of bone ash coffin should be prohibited. Generally, ashes should be deposi-ted in sepulchral chapels or buried in cemeteries. Although most cemeteries are built on barren hills or land, they still occupy land and waste land re-sources. The use of cement and stone materials creates white pollution. Meanwhile, the construc-tion of cemeteries destroys the mountain and causes soil erosion. Therefore, the cemetery is not the di-rection of the funeral and interment reform in the long run, and also does not meet the original inten-tion of the reform.     

中国农民发展的社会时空分析

时空结构是社会的基本结构或基础性结构 ,它参与形成和建构了社会的生产和再生产结构 ,以及形形色色的制度结构和观念结构 1。社会时间和社会空间是社会现象的内在因素 ,它对于形成社会行动、社会生活和社会过程具有作为构成要素的意义 ,因此时空特性就成为认识社会的重要维度 ,特别对于社会发展而言就更是如此。由于我国自建国初期很快确立了城乡二元经济结构 ,使得我国农民实际上与城市居民不是在同一社会时空中发展的 ,农民是在时空压缩中求得发展的。本文拟对我国农民发展的国内和国际社会时空进行分析。一、国内社会空间分析像大多数发…     

从庇护性就业到支持性就业 ——对广东省残疾人工作整合型社会企业的多个案研究

为适应经济社会的转型发展和残疾人多层次的就业与康复需求,我国残疾人就业模式日益多元化。作为一种新兴的残疾人就业模式,工作整合型社会企业旨在为残疾人提供支持性就业,以促进残疾人的社会融合。作为一种新兴的组织类型,工作整合型社会企业兼具市场、社会与政府三重维度的混合价值取向,致力于运用市场机制解决残疾人所面临的社会问题。工作整合型社会企业在创新残疾人就业模式、促进残疾人社会融合、增加残疾人经济收入、提升残疾人康复服务等方面有着积极作用,但其发展仍处于初级阶段,在专业人员培养、商业运营能力、目标人群覆盖面、政策扶持及法律保障等方面面临不少挑战。整体而言,工作整合型社会企业及其倡导的支持性就业与"重康复、轻就业"的庇护性就业模式并非全然排斥,而是一种相辅相成、前后相继的共融关系,共同塑造我国残疾人就业的多元格局。     

论我国建设监理的困境及其对策

本文从政府管理体制、监理市场、监理业运作模式及监理企业本身等四个方面详细分析了中国建设监理行业存在的问题,并从转换政府管理体制、培育完善的监理市场、调整监理企业及加强监理企业人员素质培养等方面提出了相应的对策。     

突发事件虚拟物流体系的构建

将虚拟物流和危机管理理论运用于突发事件物流管理,提出了突发事件虚拟物流体系的概念,并从组建基础、组织模式、运行机制等方面对突发事件虚拟物流体系的内涵进行分析,指出其与传统物流的区别,并进一步提出突发事件虚拟物流体系的运行流程。     

学科建设规划与学科内涵发展的关系分析

学科内涵是一所大学办学水平的根本标志.学科建设具有鲜明的时代特征,有着深刻的内涵,是关系高等学校全局及长远发展的基础性工作和战略性任务,已成为高校发展的永恒主题.学科建设规划是学科建设的依据,在学科内涵发展中发挥着纲领性作用.学校要通过制定科学的学科建设规划促进学科建设水平的全面提升,确保学校的可持续发展.     

乡村振兴标准化促进共同富裕的内在机理与现实路径

作为社会主义的本质要求,实现共同富裕意味着全体城乡居民都能平等共享中国特色社会主义事业发展成果。面对长期以来乡村发展滞后的现实矛盾,着眼于缩小城乡发展差距、实现乡村高质量发展,党和国家做出实施乡村振兴战略的关键抉择,这为实现共同富裕提供了重要抓手。标准是经济社会发展的重要技术支撑,推进标准化建设具有基础性、引领性价值。标准化维度的适时提出,反映了党和国家正在有意识地对乡村振兴进行方向调控,使之更好地促进共同富裕。究其内在机理,乡村振兴标准化有助于优化共同富裕进程结构、奠定扎实的社会质量基础、提供高质量发展的抓手、推进城乡实质性融合,为共同富裕创造良好的前提条件。在现实路径上,乡村振兴标准化将通过推进农业全产业链标准化、乡村生活建设标准化、精神文明体系标准化、社会治理机制标准化,凝聚推进乡村产业兴旺、生活品质提升、观念革新和社会善治的现实动能,助力实现共同富裕目标。     

服务到位保障有力--武进市劳动局参与国有企业改制工作纪事

近两年来,江苏省武进市不断加大国有企业改制力度,全市国有市属企业改制面已达90%以上.在具体操作过程中,武进市劳动局始终坚持把配合市属企业改革作为中心任务来抓,按照"全面参与,全力支持,全方位保障"的指导思想,积极攻坚,在规范企业改制操作行为、妥善处理职工劳动关系、促进下岗失业人员再就业等方面做了大量工作,确保全市国有企业改革的顺利进行.     

我国幼儿园音乐课程体系存在的问题及解决对策

从20世纪起，在国内教育家的探索及国际教育界的影响下，我国幼儿园音乐课程得到了快速发展，并在目前进入了一个全面创新、全面改革的新阶段。但是，受历史及文化传统局限性的影响，我国幼儿园音乐课程的实施中依旧存在着许多问题亟待解决，如音乐课程目标、课程内容选择及组织、课程实施、课程评价等方面存在着问题，对此，应提出相应的对策，建立完善的课程体系，以求对我国幼儿园音乐课程体系发展有所裨益。