宗教事务依法管理的路径及基础——以四川藏区依法治理为视角

Under the situation that traditional beliefs have remained basically unchanged while the social economy has developed and population mobility has increased, with the trend of an in-creasing diversity in beliefs, and an increasing number of religious followers and temples, the management of religious affairs has become more difficult. In ethnic areas, the speed of moderniza-tion has accelerated, ethnic interactions are fre-quent, and the beneficial conflict or cultural con-flict among various ethnic groups has become nor-mal; the impact of modernity, ways of life, the value and ideals of the temples’ traditional culture and educational model brings new social pressure for the monks who are adapting to modernization, and making a leap in development while safeguard-ing traditional rituals, culture, religious education and development. The number of criminal cases involving monks has increased, which brings a strong negative influence to the religious followers in Tibetan areas. All these factors are directly in-fluencing the stability and harmonious development of the Tibetan areas. As the second-largest Tibetan area, the geo-graphical location of Sichuan’s Tibetan areas is u-nique. In ancient times, the policy of “keeping the Tibetan areas stable means keeping Kham sta-ble at first” had been an important measure for the central government to manage all of the Tibetan ar-eas. From the Qing dynasty to the present times, it still has a practical use, and even has special val-ue in the process of safeguarding the “long-term stability of Sichuan”, especially when the people have but a hazy understanding of the relationship between the freedom of faith and managing reli-gious affairs according to the law in Tibetan areas, and one needs to have a legal response to it. Hence, “keeping Kham stable” needs to depend on the law, and legal means should be taken to safeguard the harmony and stability of the Tibetan areas in Sichuan. Management of the religious affairs according to the law is an inevitable requirement for China to promote the goal of ruling the country by law, com-prehensively deepen reform, and promote the mod-ernization of the country’s governance system and capability. Based on an active response to the guidance principle of strengthening the manage-ment of religious affairs according to the law pro-posed by the Central Government, and the Sichuan Provincial Government, we should standardize reli-gious activities and affairs, insist on a combination of legal management and policy guidance, adopt various measures, search for a practicable path to realize the significant goal of managing the religious affairs according to the law in Tibetan areas of Si-chuan. This article proposes some methods of man-aging the religious affairs according to the law as follows:1 ) To insist on the CPC’s leadership in reli-gious work and management of religious affairs;2 ) to actively and reliably promote the systematic con-
struction of the legalization of religious affairs;3 ) to insist on the combination of legal management and policy guidance;4 ) to encourage the public to manage religious affairs according to law; 5 ) to standardize the scale and number of monks by u-sing new methods of management;6 ) to strengthen the role of the “four troops” ( Party and Govern-ment leading cadres,ethnic religious work cadres, ethnic minority cadres and talents, and religious believers ) , especially religious believers; 7 ) to make full use of the regulatory framework of the Buddhist community; 8 ) to create conditions for those monks who wish to return to secular life;9 ) to distinguish the boundary between normal and il-legal religious activities, between folk custom and extreme religious concepts; 10 ) to identify and distinguish between “monks and lay people”, and“ordinary cases and religious cases”. At present, there are four foundations for managing religious affairs according to the law:1 ) the idea that freedom of faith is not only one’s right, but also one’s duty has gradually enjoyed popular support;2 ) there is a good policy base for managing religious affairs according to the law;3 ) there is a relatively strong theoretical basis for managing religious affairs according to the law;4 ) there exists good legal support for managing reli-gious affairs according to the law.     

哈拉浩特出土绘画作品中的历史人物——事实与假说

哈拉浩特出土的艺术作品展示了唐古特艺术中以佛教为主的艺术特色,在一些作品中,现实中的统治者或是被描绘成佛陀的模样,或是作为供养人,与佛陀置于同一场景中。这些圣像或是展示了统治者神圣化的形象,或是反映了唐古特王国历史上的重要事件。     

论21世纪复合型外语人才及其培养模式

21世纪为我国外语专业本科教育带来了机遇和挑战。传统的外语人才培养模式以及以这种模式培养的人才已不适应时代的发展。随着改革开放步伐的加快、国际交往的扩大和社会主义市场经济的发展 ,社会急需的外语人才是新型的、高质量的复合型人才。面对这种挑战 ,外语专业本科教育必须转变教育观念 ,改变人才培养模式 ,以适应社会发展的要求。本文着重讨论了复合型人才的概念以及培养复合型外语人才的途径     

20世纪90年代农业产业化研究的理论进展

农村市场中尖锐的供求矛盾把农业产业化研究推向农业经济学的前沿。本文全面总结了20世纪90年代的农业产业化理论,对有关论点进行了深入的讨论,认为规模经济并不能对农业产业化作出科学的说明;交易费用理论和专业化分工理论由于各自的理论局限性,也只能解释一部分现象。可行的途径是两者的结合。农业产业化的研究必须关注二元经济和双轨体制带来的深刻影响。下一步的研究方向应当是小农经济条件下的农业产业化。     

河南“省直管县”十年探路

省直管县体制尽管能在一定程度上减少行政成本,提高行政效率,但无法根除传统体制下权力配置的种种弊端,根本原因是政府职能转变不到位。     

LC滤波器设计的优化解析公式

给出了改进的Chebyshev和Butterworth低通原型LC滤波器的解析设计公式.此公式充分利用阶数取整带来的余量,在不改变滤波器阶数的前提下减小了通带波动,极大地方便了集成滤波器的实现.给出了集成有源高通滤波器设计实例,验证了改进的Chebyshev和Butterworth低通原型LC滤波器解析设计公式的有效性.     

推进社区居家养老服务的实践与思考——基于典型社区的调查

通过上海4个典型城镇社区居家养老服务的实地调研,分析目前上海发展社区居家养老服务的基本情况。结果表明,上海通过完善为老服务网络、实行微观人性化服务、整合社会资源、不断创新工作机制为老年人提供了高品质的居家养老服务,但也还存在不少需要进一步完善的地方。必须完善居家养老服务运行管理体系,实现参与主体的多元化,转变居家养老服务理念,注重人性化、多样化、专业化服务的提供。     

职业教育专业教学如何紧密结合生产实际

我国的职业教育经过三十多年的探索与发展,已经形成了一定的规模,思想观念、办学理念在不断更新,办学模式、教育教学改革不断地突出和体现职业教育的特色.职业教育要紧密结合生产实际,教育教学重在提高学生动手操作能力和解决实际问题的能力.但在怎样结合和如何提高上,各地有不同的做法.笔者从"教"的角度提出一些粗浅的看法,以供参考.