艺术作为媒介——浅谈美术传播媒介的特征与社会功能

艺术的传播媒介主要经历了传统美术、媒体艺术、新媒体艺术三个时期,形成了绘画、雕塑、激浪艺术、先锋电影、网络艺术、数字艺术等丰富的艺术样式。艺术传播媒介在当今视觉文化时代中分担起五项重要社会功能:第一,满足公众"看"的需求;第二,作为社会图像的制造者;第三,担当"活态"文化的传播者;第四,成为一种媒介资本;第五,促进经典审美的现代转型。由此我们必须不断地学习掌握新媒介,使媒介成为促进艺术发展的有利工具。     

西部民族地区旅游生态补偿政策实施的实践探索

The ethnic regions of Western Chi￣na are rich in ecological and cultural tourism re￣sources. At the same time, the regions are also ec￣ologically vulnerable areas with large populations of ethnic groups who have lived for a long time in poverty. Based on years’ investigation, it is obvi￣ous that tourism development, even though it can promote local economic development, has had a significant negative impact on the ecology, envi￣ronment and local communities. During the 18 th and 17 th National Congresses of the Communist Pary of China, a policy was announced to improve ecological compensation and accelerate the estab￣lishment of an ecological compensation mecha￣nism. So far, both government and academia have mainly focused on the effects and necessities of building a mechanism for ecological compensation. Of special concern, even if governments at all lev￣els sequentially enacted a series of policie with cer￣tain characteristics of ecological compensation, the public is still questioning the impartiality and legit￣imacy of the charges of such policy of ecological compensation. Thus, the task of implementing the ecological compensation policy faces many obsta￣cles. At present, the core research issue on eco￣logical compensation is no longer just the question of why it should be charged. This question was al￣ready clearly stated in official documents from cen￣tral government. Up to now, the core issues that need clarification are:in practice, how the charge be made; what amount of money should be charged;how will the revenue from the charge be used;how will the revenue derived from the charge be audited; and whether or not this charge can help to achieve government objectives in such a way.
Based on the unique background of the ethnic regions of Western China, this paper deeply analy￣ses issues of implementing policies such as ecologi￣cal compensation for tourism, including the illegi￣bility and legitimacy of who should pay, how much should be paid, and how to manage the funds im￣partially; and providing scientific and reasonable countermeasures to solve these practical problems. Compared with other industries, the tourism indus￣try became the pioneer for the practice of ecologi￣cal compensation as well as the research objective of ecological compensation studies. Some research￣ers defined ecological compensation for tourism as a system of regulating related ecological interests to protect the ecosystems of tourism destinations and promote sustainable development of the tourism in￣dustry ( Zhang Yiqun, Yang Guihua, 2012 ) . Al￣though such a definition is still fuzzy, at least it in￣dicates that the research of ecological compensation for tourism involves interdisciplinary fields inclu￣ding Economics, Sociology, Ecology and Tourism, etc. Currently, the research of ecological compen￣sation for tourism has insufficient first hand empiri￣cal research data. At the same time it has not yet had nationwide impact, either domestically or over￣seas. The research on implementing policies for the ecological compensation of tourism is at an early stage in China.
Obviously, it is hard to find sufficient re￣search results or research methods for reference, which brings certain limitations to this paper. To demonstrate the scope of this study, this paper de￣fined tourism ecological compensation as exploring the feasibility of spending fiscal revenue ( paid by tourism enterprises, tourists or other stakeholders) on protecting natural ecological environment. Based on this definition, this paper generated three actual issues with regard to implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism, including the vagueness of the charge, the lack of unified, standard levies, and the non-tranparency of fund management. Combined with analyzing the current special background of implementing policies of ec￣ological compensation for tourism in the ethnic re￣gions of Western China, and by especially empha￣sizing the local communities of the ethnic groups who should be compensated, this paper tries to provide scientific and reasonable countermeasures consisting of implementing corresponding national policy, formulating correlated policy in accordance with local conditions and standardizing and institu￣tionalizing fund management. This paper not only attempts to support strongly implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism at the insti￣tutional level, but also to coordinate the contradic￣tions between tourism development and ecological protection, and local community self - develop￣ment, hoping to achieve the win-win objectives of promoting an ecological compensation policy for tourism, tourism poverty alleviation and ecological civilization.     

万里长城万里长

长城又称“万里长城”,是古代中国在不同时期为抵御塞北游牧部落联盟侵袭而修筑的规模浩大的军事工程的统称。长城始建于春秋战国时期,它融汇了古人的智慧、意志、毅力以及承受力,     

白藜芦醇对耐力训练小鼠抗氧化能力的影响

研究白藜芦醇对耐力训练小鼠抗氧化能力和线粒体游离钙含量的影响．选用昆明小鼠,根据体重将72只小鼠随机分为三组：A组为安静对照组;B组为耐力训练组;C组为耐力训练＋白藜芦醇组．C组小鼠每日给予白藜芦醇10mg／kg灌胃,与B组共同进行6w递增负荷游泳训练,再进行力竭游泳实验．力竭游泳后24h处死小鼠取材,测定小鼠骨骼肌、心脏、胸腺,脾脏、肾脏、肝脏线粒体和红细胞SOD、GSH-Px活性及MDA含量。以及肝脏线粒体游离钙的含量．6w递增负荷耐力训练后,B组小鼠骨骼肌、心肌、肝脏线粒体、脾脏、胸腺和红细胞SOD活性,心肌、脾脏和红细胞的GSH—Px活性均显著低于A组（P〈0．05）,同时骨骼肌、肝脏线粒体、脾脏和红细胞的MDA含量显著高于A组（P〈0．05）。肝脏线粒体游离钙含量显著高于A组（P〈0．05）;白藜芦醇干预使C组小鼠骨骼肌、肝脏线粒体和脾脏SOD活性,骨骼肌和心肌的GSH—Px活性显著高于B组（P〈0．05）,同时骨骼肌、肝脏线粒体、胸腺和红细胞的MDA含量显著低于B组（P〈0．05）;肝脏线粒体游离钙含量显著低于B组（P〈0．05）．提示白藜芦醇一定程度上能提高耐力训练小鼠抗氧化能力,维持线粒体游离钙含量在正常水平,具有延缓运动性疲劳发生的作用．     

产品质量与产品标准的辨证关系

一、产品标准是产品质量的技术依据 在经济全球化发展过程中,世界各国在产品质量和提高市场信任度方面,在维护公平竞争秩序方面以及在加速商品流通、推动全球大市场发展方面都特别重视,因而对标准化予以格外关注.     

毛泽东思想与邓小平理论产生的几个共同点

毛泽东思想与邓小平理论产生的几个共同点汤洁马克思列宁主义同中国实际相结合有两次历史性飞跃,产生了两大理论成果,即毛泽东思想和邓小平理论。多层次、多角度地比较研究这两个紧密联系的理论,分析和总结产生这两个理论的共同点,揭示产生这两个理论的历史必然性和这...     

浅谈公有制实现形式的多样化

党的十五大报告指出:“公有制为主体,多种所有制经济共同发展是我国社会主义初级阶段的一项基本经济制度”.调整和完善所有制结构,发展公有制为主体的多种所有制经济,是经济体制改革的重大任务.现就公有制的实现形式作以下探讨.     

喜鹊登梅

“喜鹊登梅”是中国传统吉祥图案之一，也是征兆吉祥的雕刻题材，民间常把“喜鹊登梅”作品陈列家中，以兆好运。