跨文化公民:外语教学作为国民教育的扩展

从教育的国际化角度来思考问题,中小学的外语教学,既是国民教育的有机组成部分,也是培养跨文化公民的交际能力的教育.比较英、法、德等国的外语教育,我们认为,在国民教育中如何贯彻跨文化公民交际能力的培养,是外语教学需要解决的世界性问题.应该建立机制贯彻跨文化交际能力培养,这是跨文化公民教育的基本理念.     

预防泄漏:工程化降低无控制化学品泄漏的危险性

在药物研究实验室中,自动化纯化系统是仪器的核心部分,它有助于药物的发现。该系统消耗大量的溶剂,以实现对采用的一定量的混合物进行必要的分离。为了给这些系统提供溶剂,通常采用4L溶剂瓶到56L贮液器或小桶,里面往往包含有害液体。因此存在着不少潜在危险,例如火灾,由于意外溢出、泄漏或从溶剂废液瓶中溢出而使接触化学品的科学家和后勤人员受伤。使用通用的、化学惰性的、本质安全的液体传感器安装在二次防漏容器中为废液收集提供了一个相对安全的工作环境。     

Neighborhood-level influences on physical activity among older adults: a multilevel analysis

There is a need for greater understanding of setting-specific influences on physical activity to complement the predominant research paradigm of individual-centered influences on physical activity. In this study, the authors used a cross-sectional multilevel analysis to examine a range of neighborhood-level characteristics and the extent to which they were associated with variation in self-reported physical activity among older adults. The sample consisted of 582 community-dwelling residents age 65 years and older (M = 73.99 years, SD = 6.25) recruited from 56 neighborhoods in Portland, OR. Information collected from participants and neighborhood data from objective sources formed a two-level data structure. These hierarchical data (i.e., individuals nested within neighborhoods) were subjected to multilevel structural-equation-modeling analyses. Results showed that neighborhood social cohesion, in conjunction with other neighborhood-level factors, was significantly associated with increased levels of neighborhood physical activity. Overall, neighborhood-level variables jointly accounted for a substantial variation in neighborhood physical activity when controlling for individual-level variables.     

Expression and ambivalence over expression of negative emotion: cross-sectional associations with psychosocial factors and health-related quality of life in postmenopausal women

Inhibition of emotional expression has been associated with the incidence and progression of breast cancer and other chronic illnesses. The important health-related factor, however, may be ambivalence about the expression of emotions rather than repression itself. This cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 159,557 participants in the Women's Health Initiative examined the influence of expression of negative emotion and ambivalence about expression of emotion on psychosocial factors and health-related quality of life measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short-form 36 (SF-36). Overall, observed correlations were modest but in the expected direction; that is, greater ambivalence about negative emotional expression was associated with worse general health and poorer psychosocial risk profile. Ambivalence about expressing negative emotion was more highly correlated with psychosocial factors and health-related quality of life than emotional expression. In general, our analysis supports prior studies suggesting that ambivalence may be more important to consider in studies of health-related outcomes than expression.     

论艾滋病综合流行现象和中美医学人类学

医学人类学在美国有更细致地理解艾滋病危险行为,以及这些行为所根植的社会文化背景方面所运用的方法及这些方法的特点.在中国这个广大的多民族的国家,医学人类学在其卫生领域很可能同样发挥类似的作用.然而,在过去很长一段时间,本应有中国的人类学家参与的应用社会学方法的工作却一直由公共卫生人员承担.中国艾滋病流行现状和将来潜在的灾难性威胁迫切需要人类学研究以及中国自己的人类学者.相信人类学家和其他定性研究的社学科学家去关注艾滋病问题是势在必行的.     

The Multiple Control of Verbal Behavior

Amid the novel terms and original analyses in Skinner's Verbal Behavior, the importance of his discussion of multiple control is easily missed, but multiple control of verbal responses is the rule rather than the exception. In this paper we summarize and illustrate Skinner's analysis of multiple control and introduce the terms convergent multiple control and divergent multiple control. We point out some implications for applied work and discuss examples of the role of multiple control in humor, poetry, problem solving, and recall. Joint control and conditional discrimination are discussed as special cases of multiple control. We suggest that multiple control is a useful analytic tool for interpreting virtually all complex behavior, and we consider the concepts of derived relations and naming as cases in point.     

可持续发展七大秘诀

我在总结“全球最成功的小型企业”的成功经验时发现，在选择、设计、构建和成长方面要遵循7个基本原则，才能保证企业的可持续发展。     

计算机电话集成技术

使用Hayes AT命令集生成电话应用已是过去的事了。今天,电话开发工具就象其他应用程序的开发工具一样多。至少,可以使用象C这样的过程语言编写代码,直接与电话硬件交流。或者工作在图形化的开发环境下,避免对实际代码的操作。通过连接现成的     

民主传播用不着靠美国

布什政府将提升民主作为美国对外政策的一个中心目标。总统将自己的第二次就职演说也贡献给了这个题目，2006年的国家安全战略注重的是国外的民主传播状况，而白宫也发起了一系列用来提升全球民主的行动，不仅是在阿富汗和伊拉克的战争。但是，在阿富汗、伊拉克或是其他民主前景曾经相当乐观的阿拉伯世界国家，如黎巴嫩、巴勒斯坦和埃及，美国的努力并没有成功。