西部民族地区旅游生态补偿政策实施的实践探索

The ethnic regions of Western Chi￣na are rich in ecological and cultural tourism re￣sources. At the same time, the regions are also ec￣ologically vulnerable areas with large populations of ethnic groups who have lived for a long time in poverty. Based on years’ investigation, it is obvi￣ous that tourism development, even though it can promote local economic development, has had a significant negative impact on the ecology, envi￣ronment and local communities. During the 18 th and 17 th National Congresses of the Communist Pary of China, a policy was announced to improve ecological compensation and accelerate the estab￣lishment of an ecological compensation mecha￣nism. So far, both government and academia have mainly focused on the effects and necessities of building a mechanism for ecological compensation. Of special concern, even if governments at all lev￣els sequentially enacted a series of policie with cer￣tain characteristics of ecological compensation, the public is still questioning the impartiality and legit￣imacy of the charges of such policy of ecological compensation. Thus, the task of implementing the ecological compensation policy faces many obsta￣cles. At present, the core research issue on eco￣logical compensation is no longer just the question of why it should be charged. This question was al￣ready clearly stated in official documents from cen￣tral government. Up to now, the core issues that need clarification are:in practice, how the charge be made; what amount of money should be charged;how will the revenue from the charge be used;how will the revenue derived from the charge be audited; and whether or not this charge can help to achieve government objectives in such a way.
Based on the unique background of the ethnic regions of Western China, this paper deeply analy￣ses issues of implementing policies such as ecologi￣cal compensation for tourism, including the illegi￣bility and legitimacy of who should pay, how much should be paid, and how to manage the funds im￣partially; and providing scientific and reasonable countermeasures to solve these practical problems. Compared with other industries, the tourism indus￣try became the pioneer for the practice of ecologi￣cal compensation as well as the research objective of ecological compensation studies. Some research￣ers defined ecological compensation for tourism as a system of regulating related ecological interests to protect the ecosystems of tourism destinations and promote sustainable development of the tourism in￣dustry ( Zhang Yiqun, Yang Guihua, 2012 ) . Al￣though such a definition is still fuzzy, at least it in￣dicates that the research of ecological compensation for tourism involves interdisciplinary fields inclu￣ding Economics, Sociology, Ecology and Tourism, etc. Currently, the research of ecological compen￣sation for tourism has insufficient first hand empiri￣cal research data. At the same time it has not yet had nationwide impact, either domestically or over￣seas. The research on implementing policies for the ecological compensation of tourism is at an early stage in China.
Obviously, it is hard to find sufficient re￣search results or research methods for reference, which brings certain limitations to this paper. To demonstrate the scope of this study, this paper de￣fined tourism ecological compensation as exploring the feasibility of spending fiscal revenue ( paid by tourism enterprises, tourists or other stakeholders) on protecting natural ecological environment. Based on this definition, this paper generated three actual issues with regard to implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism, including the vagueness of the charge, the lack of unified, standard levies, and the non-tranparency of fund management. Combined with analyzing the current special background of implementing policies of ec￣ological compensation for tourism in the ethnic re￣gions of Western China, and by especially empha￣sizing the local communities of the ethnic groups who should be compensated, this paper tries to provide scientific and reasonable countermeasures consisting of implementing corresponding national policy, formulating correlated policy in accordance with local conditions and standardizing and institu￣tionalizing fund management. This paper not only attempts to support strongly implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism at the insti￣tutional level, but also to coordinate the contradic￣tions between tourism development and ecological protection, and local community self - develop￣ment, hoping to achieve the win-win objectives of promoting an ecological compensation policy for tourism, tourism poverty alleviation and ecological civilization.     

实变函数论教材探讨——兼谈编写讲义中的几点做法

我国解放以后,综合大学与师范本科院校数学系,在开设实变函数论这门课程时所采用的教材大至分为四个阶段,这就是五十年代采用的陈建功所著《实变函数论》或苏联学者那汤松所著《实变函数论》;六十年代大多采用江泽坚著《实变函数论》与复旦大学夏道行等著《实变函数与泛函分析概要》; 七十年代复旦大学的《实变函数与泛函分析概要》再版,当时被评论为“中国数学现代化的开端”,继而南京大学郑维行等又编出了《实变函数与泛函分析概要》一书;八四年华东大学编《实变函数与泛函分析基础》一书问世。上述各书对我国实变函数论这门学科的发展无疑都起了很大的作用,至今仍为各综合大学或师范本科院校所采用。十一届三中全会以后,我国的教育事业有了很大的发展,特别是师范专科学校如雨后春笋,在全国各地越来越多,其数量已大大超过师范本科院校,而适合师专数学专业的《实变函数论》教材截至目前为止,尚未出现,另一方面,由于向四化进军,我国青年越来越感到知识的不足,求知欲越来越强,自学成材的人物大量涌现,而适合青年们自学的《实变函数论》这样的丛书至今也尚未问世,这不能不说是一大憾事。     

竞选班长

光明小学五年级二班要竞选班长了,每个同学都可以参加竞选,准备时间为一个星期。全班同学当场投票表决,选出的班长任期为一个学期。同学们都非常兴奋,钱小毛也想参加竞选,以前,班干部都是由老师指定的。钱小毛由于成绩差,喜欢欺负同学,所以一直没当上班干部。现在机会来了,小毛的爸爸是位成功的商人,经常在电视上露面,他问：“小毛啊,你真想当班干部吗？理由是什么？”小毛说：“班长多威风啊,是班里最大的官,我就想当官!”“有志气!爸爸将经验传授给你,保你成功!”钱小毛在爸爸的指点下,开始行动起来。     

对"互动性"课堂的思考

语文课堂教学应改变过去过于注重知识传授的倾向,强调学生的主动学习。与此相应,语文课堂也应进行改革。在新课程的标准下,应更注重教师与学生的互动。责任互动课型、"三互"课型、情景互动情型是笔者在这方面进行的探索。     

语言的“不可译性”简析

语言的“不可译性”既有“文化不可译性”与“语言不可译性”之分,也有“相对不可译性”与“绝对不可译性”之别,应该具体分析和区别对待。研究语言的“不可译性”,有利于进一步了解不同语言和文化的异同,也有助于进一步探讨翻译理论,尤其是翻译标准。     

《明诗三百首》解缙《交阯即事》等四首注释辨正

羊春秋先生《明诗三百首》,是明诗选注本中质量较高者,但仍有不少误读值得商榷。如,解缙《交阯即事》曰"铙角吟风",即"铙角吟于风";文征明《感怀》曰"远志出山成小草",是用《世说新语·排调》典故自嘲被迫出仕。曰"白头博得公车召,不满东方一笑中",是自嘲年过五十方任翰林院待诏;李梦阳《汉京篇》曰"汉京临帝极",是说汉京长安正对应着天上的中宫天极星。曰"卖珠登要津",是用汉董偃故事。曰"执鞭尽是虎贲郎",是夸张说西汉王朝的顶级权贵,连警卫都由皇家卫士充任。曰"不忿燕然先勒石",是摹写西汉权贵功名欲与自尊心的极度膨胀;李梦阳《朱仙镇庙》曰"宋墓",是宋王旦等大臣墓,而非宋帝陵。曰"阴雨见旌旗",是传说在岳王庙里,当阴雨天气,忠魂时或显灵。     

唐代开元盛世的边疆格局及其西北民族关系——以敦煌遗书P.2555陷蕃组诗为中心

敦煌遗书P.2555是一卷重要文书,其中陷蕃组诗七十二首,反映出当时唐代开元盛世的边疆格局及其与西北各民族之间的复杂关系。P.2555陷蕃组诗集中体现的是唐代开元后期大唐与吐蕃、突骑施、大食、突厥等边疆关系,其创作时间可以推定为开元二十二年冬到开元二十四年秋,不是过去通常认为的敦煌沦陷时期或沦陷前夕。陷蕃组诗作者所称呼的"王都护姨夫"即安西都护王斛斯,唐开元后期镇守西域边关的重要统帅,而陷蕃组诗作者身份为大唐出使塞外戎乡的"富有宰相之望"的吏部尚书、皇室宗亲李暠,不是过去通常所提的毛押牙、马云奇。     

经世致用的文风典范——睁眼看世界的幕僚魏源

魏源长期充任高级幕僚,襄助幕主解决了众多棘手难题,充分展示其学识才华,体现了他毕生的抱负.在封建社会向半殖民地半封建社会转变的剧烈时期,面对当时的外侮内患,魏源对当时事关国计民生的各种重大问题颇有研究,有独到的见解,其诗文著述提出"师夷长技以制夷"、革除社会弊端、改革用人制度等许多主张,经世致用的文风贯串其一生.作为近代中国放眼看世界的第一批人物,他不仅是个思想家,也是一个实践者,为当代培养轻说教、讲实功、重实效、求实用的人才提供了借鉴.     

刑事社会抗拒发生机理研究——以钱明奇事件为样本的分析

刑事社会抗拒是借刑事犯罪为手段实施的对社会制度安排的抗拒,是一种由现实性冲突转化而来的非现实性冲突。刑事社会抗拒演进中,弱势方表达和强势方打压的对立与斗争贯穿始终,打压所输入的风险能量与行为人的边缘化人格交互影响、共同作用形成推动其发展的动力机制。同时,由于参与方在认知态度、制度依赖、行为选择等方面具有多样性,各阶段又都存在除险可能。     

互联网医疗服务法律监管研究

随着互联网技术的进步以及医疗改革的深入,互联网医疗服务成为新生业态.然而,我国互联网医疗服务法律监管体系还不够完善,缺乏统一规范的监管体系,多头监管、个人隐私隐患大、纠纷处理解决机制不健全等现实困境尚未解决,不利于互联网医疗服务行业的发展和人民群众身心健康.为解决上述问题,通过梳理发达国家的成功经验,如美国的移动医疗应用程序监管和个人隐私保护、欧盟的互联医疗数据管理、英国的行业协会监管等,结合我国现有国情,建议从完善立法体系、建设隐私保护机制、构建行业监管、明晰医疗服务主体责任等方面健全互联网医疗法律监管制度,以期推动互联网医疗服务行业发展,保障医患双方的合法权益.