Rethinking a universal framework in the psychiatric symptom-disorder relationship

Research on disparities in health and services should include a critical examination of how social, cultural, and contextual factors affect the connection between symptoms and psychiatric disorders. Systematic differences in this connection by these factors will mean that clinicians using a universalist approach to disorders may make more diagnostic errors for certain patients (e.g., ethnic minorities, the poor). Based on the literature on normative clinical decision-making, this study tests for whether the effect of specific psychiatric disorders on key symptoms is the same for certain groups of the population. The data come from the National Comorbidity Survey. Conditional probabilities of disorders and symptoms, the elements feeding into clinical decision-making, are calculated and tested for equivalence across various racial/ethnic, educational, income, and gender groups. We find some significant differences in the relation of key symptoms to disorders across groups. These findings should encourage testing relativistic frameworks in diagnostic nosology as a step to improve clinical decision-making and reduce diagnostic and treatment disparities in mental health services.     

Why females live longer than males: control of longevity by sex hormones

Females live longer than males in many species, including humans. We have traced a possible explanation for this phenomenon to the beneficial action of estrogens, which bind to estrogen receptors and increase the expression of longevity-associated genes, including those encoding the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. As a result, mitochondria from females produce fewer reactive oxygen species than those from males. Administering estrogens has serious drawbacks, however--they are feminizing (and thus cannot be administered to males) and may increase the incidence of serious diseases such as uterine cancer in postmenopausal women. Phytoestrogens, which are present in soy or wine, may have some of the favorable effects of estrogens without their undesirable effects. Study of gender differences in longevity may help us to understand the basic processes of aging and to devise practical strategies to increase the longevity of both females and males.     

有利砂体识别与解释

天然气的产量与砂岩的厚度,孔隙度,连通性,砂泥比等有密切的关系。为了解决砂体在空间以什么形态出现,其方向如何,纵向上如何变化,连通形式如何等问题,在前人研究的基础上,对篷来镇组某工区的砂体进行了精细识别和解释。在地震剖面上,砂体的响应一般表现为强振幅,低频率。孔隙性好,含气丰度高的砂体往往表现为速度低和极性反转的特点。但发现该工区的砂体在地震剖面上表现形式多变,甚至出现了合成地震记录与井旁地震记录严重不吻合的现象,故砂体识别工作不能遵循统一模式。因此,采用了多井约束,多层标定,分层解释来识别有利砂体。     

长时压力监测数据处理新方法与应用研究

以传统试井理论和小波理论为基础,经过反复试验,寻找到了适合于处理长时压力数据的小波类型。应用多重阀值方法成功地侦测并剔除掉长时压力数据中的异常点;在Chee kin（2001）的线性回归方法基础上,建立了剔除噪音的新方法。模拟和实测长时压力数据的降噪效果说明了该方法不仅能有效地剔除数据中的噪音,还能完整地保留数据中的棱角特征。应用小波模极大值理论成功地将长时压力数据离散为相对独立的一系列不稳定数据段;在保留数据基本特征的前提下,应用最大压力—最大时间准则对原始数据实施了大幅度压缩;在数据处理的基础上,综合应用移动窗分析方法和正交试验方法解释了油田长时压力数据集。解释结果与传统试井解释方法具有一致性。     

共混胶高温堵剂实验室研究

钠粘土与AM单体共混,在130℃下与引发剂和交联剂反应生成了共混胶。该共混胶体系中含钠土6%,单体AM 6%～7%,引发剂Y 100～200mg/L,交联剂J 1%～1.5%。钠土的加入,延缓了成胶时间,提高了热稳定性。该共混胶强度高,封堵能力强,高温堵水应用前景良好。     

重庆市“社区养老”标准化建设与绩效评估的文献综述

本文在关于"社区养老"文献的梳理和分析基础上,对"社区养老"的基本概念进行总结和归纳,着重分析目前重庆市"社区养老"存在的问题与原因,并总结发达国家"社区养老"体系建设的启示,为重庆市"社区养老"服务发展和完善提供参考.     

准噶尔盆地低渗油藏地层测试技术研究

低渗储层的流体渗流具有明显的非达西渗流特性,在试油过程中,即使地层没有受到污染,流体也需要克服一定的阻力之后才能开始流动。因此,对于低渗油气藏的试油,不仅准确求取产能难度大,而且获取稳定的地层压力和储层参数更是十分困难。通过有针对性的测试工艺技术研究,采用合理分配测试时间方案、积极推广分层跨隔测试技术、利用测试技术进行压裂效果评价等,圆满地解决了低渗透储层试油测试中获取资料困难的问题。     

Preventive and curative importance of the baropodometric analysis for ergonomics and occupational health

The pressure distribution on the plantar surface may reveal information not only about the feet structure, also it may bring out information about the entire body posture not only on health but also pathologic conditions. The application in ergonomics and occupational health gives access to the postural correction that on a long term may provoke professional injuries giving presition and security. This study is on 132 workers of Universidad de las Américas.     

Evaluation and redesign of manual material handling in a vaccine production centre's warehouse

This study was conducted in a warehouse at a vaccine production centre where improvement to existing storage and working conditions were sought through the construction of a new refrigerated store section (2-8C°). Warehousing tasks were videotaped and ergonomics analysis tools were used to assess the risk of developing MSDs. Specifically, these tools were the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and the NIOSH equation. The current plant layout was sketched and analyzed to find possible targets for improvement trough the application of general work space design and ergonomics principles. Seven of the eight postures evaluated with REBA had a total score between 8 and 10, meaning a high risk, and only one was at a medium risk level. Nine of the eleven manual material handling tasks analyzed with the NIOSH equation had a Lifting Index between 1.14 and 1.80 and two had a recommended weight limit of 0 kg, indicating a need for job redesign. Solutions included the redesign of shelves, the design of a two-step stair and a trolley with adjustable height; also, changes in work methods were proposed by introducing a two-workers lifting strategy and job rotation, and, finally, a restructuring of plant layout was completed.