工业设计教育建立合理知识结构的探讨

本文讨论了在工业设计专业教育中建立合理知识结构的重要性 ,并对工业设计专业教育课程设置中一些有争议的问题作了分析。     

Attitudes Toward Women in Health Care Organizations: A Turkish Case Study

Abstract

The aim of this article is to examine the health care employees’ attitudes toward women in health care organizations in Turkey. It was measured using a 25-item scale by Spence, Helmreich, and Stapp (1973 Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R., & Stapp, J. (1973). A short version of the Attitudes toward Women Scale (AWS). Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 2(4), 219–220. doi:10.3758/BF03329252[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). The study was conducted on 541 employees: 279 males and 262 females. Structural equation model (SEM) was applied to analyze the relationship between gender, marital status, and income and attitudes toward woman. The result of this analysis showed that the relations between gender, marital status, and income and attitudes toward woman were statistically significant. All three hypotheses were statistically supported. This result indicated that employees’ marital status and (monthly) income significantly predicted their scores of attitudes toward woman in a positive direction. Besides, employees’ gender significantly predicted their scores of attitudes toward woman in an inverse direction. Future research can focus on investigating the effects of the attitudes toward women on other elements (e.g., performance, motivation, job satisfaction) or a wider sample to reach more generalized results.     

人与自然关系的断裂与重构 ——以三江源生态移民社区的狗为视点

政府、学者、媒体、宗教和移民自身等各种社会力量的参与使得“移民新村”成为一个多种力量交织的场域，其中“非人”生物也是重要的建构力量。而流浪狗这一被国内学者所忽略的现象，在世界范围内却是一个较为普遍的问题。从生态移民社区内流浪狗与移民之间的关系这一角度，可以探讨动物是如何参与生态移民新村的建构过程的；生态移民与狗之间关系的变迁是否反映出生态移民与自然之间的某种动态关系。同时，可以使我们摆脱和避免人类中心主义的研究倾向，扩展社会文化人类学田野调查的研究对象，关注其他生物在构成人类身处的世界中所起到的重要作用，从而探索一种更加全面和开放的民族志体系。     

全球价值链分工特征的指标体系构建及应用

增加值贸易核算方法的提出与改进为考察全球价值链（GVC）分工特征提供了可能，但缺乏通过构建指标体系对GVC分工的多维特征进行全面分析的相关研究。为此，本文在总贸易核算框架下对各国出口的增加值进行分解，提出衡量分工深度和广度的GVC分工程度指数和集中度指数，并重新构建了GVC地位指数，形成了衡量GVC分工程度、地位、集中度三维特征的指标体系。本文进一步使用世界投入产出数据库数据，对2000-2014年GVC分工演进特征进行分析。研究发现，GVC分工程度总体呈现逐渐加深的变化趋势，其中知识密集型制造业和资本密集型制造业的GVC分工程度相对较高；七国集团的GVC分工地位相对较高但有所下降，金砖国家的GVC分工地位呈现上升趋势；不同经济发展水平国家间的分工地位差距正在缩小，GVC分工的全球化生产程度有所提升。     

Family systems functioning,family health roles,and utilization of physical health services

The purpose of the study reported here is to determine the relationship between family systems functioning, family health role, and family utilization of health services. The research is based in the Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems (Olson, Sprenkle, & Russel, 1979). Family functioning variables include family level of cohesion, family adaptability, and family type, as measured by FACES II. Family health role (i.e., leadership role and acceptance of sick role) and utilization of health services are measured by scales of the investigator-developed Family Health Questionnaire. The sample consists of 140 parents of 70 families, composed of two parents with children under 25 years of age living at home. Analysis reveals significant relationships between the family level of adaptability and acceptance of the sick role, in conjunction with significant gender and gender interaction effects. There are no significant differences between family cohesion levels or family typologies with the health variables.Su An Arnn Phipps is an Assistant Professor at the University of Oklahoma College of Nursing Graduate Program, Tulsa, 700 N. Greenwood, Tulsa, OK 74106. Her research interests include family systems functioning and family physical health, couples' infertility experience, and fathers' role(s) in family health. She received her Ph.D. from Oklahoma State University in Family Relations and Child Development.     

台商在大陆投资若干问题研究综述

台商是指20世纪80年代出现到祖国大陆进行投资、经商的台湾企业界人士.关于台商概念、性质、两岸贸易与台商投资的关系、台商在祖国大陆投资分期、台商在两岸关系中作用等方面的学术界最新研究状况,试做一综述.     

郁达夫感伤小说再思考

郁达夫的伤感小说是时代精神的扭曲折射,是觉醒之后新路难觅的迷茫,其内在题旨是与五四精神并行的。达夫小说的伤感情调,是他个人气质,不幸经历、美学情趣和社会现状交融的结果。作者在感伤的背后热望个性解放的实现,他以自己的声音加入了五四新文学的合唱。尽管他的作品有明显的局限,但对其影响与贡献应给予于科学评价。他的主情小说的成功经验尤其是弘扬情感的真诚在今天仍有重要的借鉴意义。     

体外受精胚胎的法律属性

人类辅助生殖技术及其各种衍生技术的成功与进步,在向世人显示现代医学技术伟大成果的同时,也带来了这一技术所特有的问题,尤其是体外受精胚胎的法律属性问题。主流的三大学说中,主体说模糊了体外受精胚胎的特殊性,虽然其属于人格利益,但是却不是人格生命;客体说会造成利益分配不均,忽视了体外胚胎发育成完整生命的潜在可能性;折中说既能维护人的生命伦理尊严,也能够平衡后代、妇女权益和科学发展三者的管理。现阶段我国关于体外受精胚胎的法律属性的立法位阶低,规定不明确,立法亟待完善。     

中国农业贸易的碳减排效应研究

通过构建环境投入产出模型,采用WIOD数据计算1995—2011年中国农业贸易净出口隐含碳与碳减排指数,考察中国农业贸易的碳减排效应,并基于贸易逆差的视角分析未来农业贸易的碳减排趋势。研究表明：中国农业贸易从隐含碳净出口地位转向净进口地位,表明农业贸易有利于降低国内碳排放水平;与不存在贸易往来相比,中国在1995—2011年通过开展农业贸易可以降低农业29.14%的CO₂排放量,但减排效应呈现减弱趋势;中国农业贸易未来仍将存在碳减排效应,且减排作用也将保持在较高水平,有利于缓解工业贸易增长带来的污染加剧问题。     

Direct practice with substance abusing mothers in the child welfare system: A system perspective

This paper explores the needs and related issues of substance abusing mothers in the child welfare system. Using a framework and through literature review, issues at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels are pinpointed. Six guidelines, incorporating these identified issues, are developed to help practitioners better engage and more effectively work with their clients: (1) treating mothers and children as one unit, (2) providing gender, mother role, and cultural sensitive practice, (3) offering life‐skills training, (4) mobilizing old and facilitating new, nonusing support systems, (5) devising safety plans for children, and (6) organizing an interdisciplinary team and assuming the leadership.