Do cultural orientations moderate the relation between Chinese adolescents’ shyness and depressive symptoms? It depends on their academic achievement

We examined the moderating roles of individualistic and collectivistic cultural orientations and academic achievement on the relation between Chinese adolescents’ shyness and depressive symptoms. A sample of Chinese adolescents (N = 492) from an urban school participated in the study during seventh (T1) and eighth (T2) grades. Adolescents self‐reported their shyness, cultural orientations, and depressive symptoms. The school provided records of their academic achievement. Concurrently, shyness and individualism were positively whereas collectivism and academic achievement were negatively, associated with adolescents’ depressive symptoms. Longitudinally, T1 shyness (but not individualism, collectivism, or academic achievement) predicted T2 depressive symptoms after controlling for stability in depressive symptoms. Concurrent relations between shyness and depressive symptoms were moderated by adolescents’ cultural orientations. Specifically, collectivism was protective whereas individualism was harmful, for shy adolescents’ adjustment. Furthermore, collectivism and academic achievement jointly moderated the relations between shyness and depressive symptoms concurrently and longitudinally. The results suggest that cultural orientations may influence shy adolescents’ depression symptoms through individual‐level self‐evaluation, and indicate that cultural factors and academic achievement need to be considered comprehensively for understanding and improving shy Chinese adolescents’ psychological adjustment.     

Development of predictive signatures for treatment selection in precision medicine with survival outcomes

For survival endpoints in subgroup selection, a score conversion model is often used to convert the set of biomarkers for each patient into a univariate score and using the median of the univariate scores to divide the patients into biomarker‐positive and biomarker‐negative subgroups. However, this may lead to bias in patient subgroup identification regarding the 2 issues: (1) treatment is equally effective for all patients and/or there is no subgroup difference; (2) the median value of the univariate scores as a cutoff may be inappropriate if the sizes of the 2 subgroups are differ substantially. We utilize a univariate composite score method to convert the set of patient's candidate biomarkers to a univariate response score. We propose applying the likelihood ratio test (LRT) to assess homogeneity of the sampled patients to address the first issue. In the context of identification of the subgroup of responders in adaptive design to demonstrate improvement of treatment efficacy (adaptive power), we suggest that subgroup selection is carried out if the LRT is significant. For the second issue, we utilize a likelihood‐based change‐point algorithm to find an optimal cutoff. Our simulation study shows that type I error generally is controlled, while the overall adaptive power to detect treatment effects sacrifices approximately 4.5% for the simulation designs considered by performing the LRT; furthermore, the change‐point algorithm outperforms the median cutoff considerably when the subgroup sizes differ substantially.     

视觉艺术大师纳博科夫

纳博科夫是一位视觉艺术大师,这是理解其小说创作的关键.纳博科夫反复声明自己天生是画家,具有特殊的听音辨色的“色彩听觉”天赋,其作品运用文字呈现出五光十色的艳丽色彩.纳博科夫对古往今来欧美列国的画家画作了然于心,其创作过程即如作画般在纸张的画布上挥毫泼墨,实践着“诗如画”的书写传统.除了斑斓的五彩世界与绘画般的文字书写,纳博科夫的小说还大量借鉴了电影叙事技巧.在文字与视觉艺术之间,纳博科夫自觉且自如地进行着空间书写.     

A Unified Way to Represent and Compute the Cumulative Distribution Function for Noncentral t,F, and χ2

This short article shows an unified approach to representing and computing the cumulative distribution function for noncentral t, F, and χ². Unlike the existing algorithms, which involve different expansion and/or recurrence, the new approach consistently represents all the three noncentral cumulative distribution functions as the integral of the normal cumulative distribution function and χ² density function.     

民族文化:广西旅游的灵魂——广西旅游与民族文化的互动研究之一

旅游是文明社会的一种文化活动、一种精神需求。改革开放以后,广西的旅游得到很大发展。但从思想认识上,还有欠缺,理论上还缺乏深入的探讨。在广西要把民族文化引入旅游,丰富旅游的内涵,加强旅游的凝聚力。本文对旅游的本质,广西民族文化的特色和内涵,旅游和民族文化的互动作了论述。     

转型加速时期西部少数民族地区结构性贫困研究述论

文章认为西部少数民族地区在社会转型加快时期的贫困问题基本上是结构性贫困,并对这种结构性贫困问题的具体特征及其产生的社会危害进行纬度结构分析,最后系统地从建构现代国家治理体系和治理现代化的背景下提出了治理路径。     

西北四省农村居民信息意识现状分析

提高农村居民信息意识是农业现代化和农业信息化的具体要求,也是实现农业现代化和农业信息化的重要途径。本文通过对西北四省（陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海）1 561位农村居民的调研,从农村居民对信息的信任度、关注度、认可度三个维度分析了该区域农民的信息意识现状。研究重点对比了农民信息意识在不同个体特征要素（性别、年龄、文化程度、务农经验）和信息传播系统要素（邻里系统、大众媒介系统）之间表现出的差异性,并在此基础上提出了提升农村居民信息意识的相关建议。     

中国古代数学家李冶数学文化及教育思想研究

李冶是中国数学史上宋元四大名家之一,他不仅是一位杰出的数学家,而且也是一名著名的教育家。他先进的数学文化及教育思想对现代高校数学教育仍然具有很强的指导和借鉴意义。本文主要从李冶辉煌的数学成就、先进的数学文化观和认识论、先进的数学教育理念以及卓越的实践教育活动等对李冶数学文化及教育思想进行系统研讨,旨在从中得到新的教益和启发。