Compound adaptive GPU design for clinical trials

In clinical trials, several competing treatments are often carried out in the same trial period. The goal is to assess the performances of these different treatments according to some optimality criterion and minimize risks to the patients in the entire process of the study. For this, each coming patient is allocated sequentially to one of the treatments according to a mechanism defined by the optimality criterion. In practice, sometimes different optimality criteria, or the same criterion with different regimes, need to be considered to assess the treatments in the same study, so that each mechanism is also evaluated through the trail study. In this case, the question is how to allocate the treatments to the incoming patients so that the criteria/mechanisms of interest are assessed during the trail process, and the overall performance of the trial is optimized under the combined criteria or regimes. In this paper, we consider this problem by investigating a compound adaptive generalized Pólya urn design. Basic asymptotic properties of this design are also studied.     

数字时代下阅读方式变革的版权之困及应对之策

面对信息技术革命所带来的阅读方式和出版产业的变革,应当以更加开放的精神去满足公众的文化需求.但在数字时代,强大的信息传播能力却容易致使著作权人的经济利益遭到损失.从信息传播方式的转变探寻现代图书馆在数字阅读环境下的角色定位,进而平衡数字阅读下的现代图书馆与著作权人之间的权利冲突.探索阅读行为以及信息传播方式的转变,以探究出版行业以及图书馆在信息技术时代所受冲击及其适应方案,在此基础上发现图书馆在数字阅读时代的应有精神及其与著作权人之间的权利冲突,并找到合理经验对其进行解决.冲突的实质是公众阅读权利与著作权人财产性权利之间的冲突,一方面是公共数字图书馆的社会文化事业;另一方面是为文化产业而献身的著作权人的利益.这二者之间的矛盾并非无法调和,可吸收与借鉴英国公共借阅权制度以及相关商业服务的有效经验,对我国数字借阅制度加以改造,建立符合我国实际情况的数字借阅权制度.     

论“婚内强奸”

婚内无奸由于其具体的社会背景和婚姻契约论、报复论、暴力伤害论等理论的支撑 ,在中西方都有悠久的历史。随着社会的进步和女权运动的发展 ,这一命题受到了刑法理论和实践的挑战。该文从民法的角度对性权利这一人身权进行了深入剖析 ,明确婚内强奸行为侵犯的社会关系 ,并提出应根据社会发展的需要解释我国刑法第 2 3 6条 ,承认婚内强奸     

频度副词在第二语言教学中的应用分析

在汉语作为第二语言教学实践当中,频度副词是语法教学中的一个难点。本文拟从以下几方面进行探讨:频度副词单独成类的必要性;频度副词的内部分类及语义分析;非母语学生在汉语习得过程中的频度副词偏误分析。     

数字化B超中的频率补偿滤波

超声在组织中的传播会随着频率和深度的不同产生不同的衰减。该文在建立超声回波信号的数学模型基础上设计了一种补偿频率衰减的滤波器,有效补偿了超声信号在传播过程中由于频率升高、深度增加而变大的吸收衰减。并且将频域运算移植到时域进行,从而避免了大计算量的时频变换。同时融入动态滤波技术,根据不同深度选择了不同的通带范围,有效地保证了信号的信噪比。     

A multivariate regression model for continuous genetic traits

Summary.  In many commonly used models for multivariate traits, the likelihood is specified as a mixture of nested sums of products over the unobserved genotypes of all the family members, in which the familial covariance matrices vary in size and structure for different families, and their sizes can be immense for large family units. These issues pose computational difficulties in many applications. Bonney's compound regressive model for univariate traits simplifies the familial covariance structure and reduces the mixture of nested sums only to the parent–offspring level, thus enhancing computation significantly. This model has been extended to the multivariate case in the absence of unobserved genotypes. Here, we further extend this model to incorporate major genes, covariates and multiple loci. As is typical in practice, this causes new computational difficulties. We study the computational issues and explore the behaviour of this extended model.     

赞助性流动与素质教育

目前在我国学校教育中有很多背离素质教育的现象。产生这些现象的主要原因是素质教育在许多方面与赞助性流动不一致 ,但又迫于这一规范对教育制度所释放出的恒常的张力 ,教育制度不得不作出某些让步 ,而导致素质教育不能真正、彻底地实施。要解决这一问题 ,应转变人们的思想观念 ,改革社会的用人标准以及改革我国现行的高考制度等。     

Asymptotically Informative Prior for Bayesian Analysis

In classical Bayesian inference the prior is treated as fixed and its effects are ignored asymptotically, and useful information, if any, is wasted. However, in practice often an informative prior is summarized from previous similar or the same kind of studies, which contains useful cumulative information for the current study. We treat such prior to be non-fixed, i.e., we give the data sizes in the prior studies similar status as the that of the current dataset. Under this formulation, the prior is asymptotically non-negligible, and its original information is transferred to the new study. We explore some basic properties of Bayesian estimators under such prior formulation, and illustrate the method via simulation.     

永登方言语音分析

汉语方言是研究汉语语音史的重要材料,作为兰银官话分支的永登方言,由于其具有汉民族与当地少数民族的杂居历史,故在语音特征上别具一格。本文通过对当地方言语音系统的辨识,阐释了永登方言声韵调的基本特征以及与普通话在语音方面的差异。     

政策工具、产权残缺与国企改革

国企低效率的根本原因与其说是所有者缺位,不如说是国有产权残缺,也就是国有财产的收益权与控制权严重地不对称甚或分离。而造成国有产权残缺的主要原因是,国企作为国家的政策工具而背离了利润最大化的目标。但是,由国企的国有产权性质决定,国企只能作为国家的政策工具。因此,国企改革的实质是国企的功能再定位,而国企改革的过程则是其产业布局的调整。被人们所忽视的问题是,要不要以及如何把竞争性领域中的国企改造成够格的因而是有市场竞争力的公有制企业。