Elder Abuse and Neglect in African American Families: Informing Practice Based on Ecological and Cultural Frameworks

Despite the rapid growth of the elderly African American population in the U.S., elder abuse and neglect in African American families continue to be underdeveloped areas of study. This article presents an ecological and culturally informed framework for the study of elder abuse in African American populations. The model was developed based on Bronfenbrenner's Human Ecological Theory. The model identifies risk factors associated with different systems that have an influence on the lives of African American families. Cultural protective factors also are identified in the model. The model is intended to provide an understanding of elder abuse and neglect in African American families by considering the influence of contextual factors such as the legacy of slavery, social exclusion, and structural segregation and racism. Specific suggestions for practice are proposed according to cultural strengths of African American communities as well as the ecological premises of the model.     

Negative Stereotyping of Older Nurses Despite Contact and Mere Exposure: The Case of Nursing Recruiters in Western Australia

Ageist attitudes have been identified across different industries. The nursing profession has a high proportion of older workers. As this facilitates regular contact with, as well as exposure to, older nurses, it may be expected to show less ageism. This study investigated 163 Western Australian nursing recruiters' attitudes toward older nurses. Results showed clear evidence of both negative and positive stereotyping of older nurses. Nursing recruiters indicated that they would be more than likely to hire older nurses and that age was less relevant in making hiring decisions. These findings suggest that enhancing the employability of older workers does not necessarily change ageist attitudes. This is relevant to policy formulation, attitude change interventions, and the well-being of older workers.     

Multiple Disadvantages Among Older Citizens: What a Multidimensional Measure of Poverty Can Show

Using the newly created Freedom Poverty Measure, a multidimensional measure of poverty, it can be seen that there were 534,700 individuals who were in freedom poverty, who had either poor health or poor education in addition to having low incomes. This multidimensional disadvantage would not normally be captured by single measures of poverty, such as income poverty measures. Men were significantly less likely to be in freedom poverty than women (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.54–0.74, p < .0001), and the proportion of individuals in freedom poverty increased with age, with those older than 85 being 2.3 times more likely to be in freedom poverty than those aged 65 to 69 years (95% CI: 1.73–3.11, p < .0001). Policy responses to address the marginalization of disadvantaged older people should take a multidisciplinary approach, addressing health inequalities in particular, not just low income.     

我国社会保障财政支出地区差异性的聚类分析

我国经济发展的不平衡导致社会保障财政支出存在地区间差异。2001至2010年我国人均社会保障支出呈现的周期性变化,近年东、中、西和东北四大地带内的差异是中国社会保障财政支出差异性的主要原因,尤以东部地带差异性显著。针对上述地区差异,利用谱系聚类方法,按社会保障财政能力的相似性将我国各地区分为四类。根据这一分类建议：我国要进一步完善社会保障补助制度,在增加社会保障财政支出的同时,发展各地区经济,平衡各地区之间的财政能力,实现全国社会保障均衡发展。     

大学生信息素质教育与创新型应用人才培养——以材料大类专业为例

在科学技术迅速发展、信息资源激增、知识老化周期大为缩短的新时期,新建本科院校必须对学生实施全面的信息素质教育,增强学生的信息获取能力、信息研究能力和信息道德能力,努力培养创新型应用人才。针对目前材料大类专业学生信息素质教育存在的问题,在材料大类专业构建由材料信息资源检索教学阶段、专业课教学阶段、科技创新及实践阶段、毕业设计阶段组成的四阶段信息素质教育体系,有助于提高学生的信息素质和创新能力。     

我国房地产投资增长率波动的实证研究——基于景气指数和脉冲方法的分析

利用景气指数和景气指标选取方法,筛选出了15个能够反映房地产投资波动状况的先行、一致、滞后景气指标,计算了1998年住房市场全面货币化以来我国的房地产投资增长率的合成指数并对其特征进行了分析,研究表明:1998-2008年我国的房地产投资经历了两个完整的周期.采用脉冲方法对影响我国房地产投资增长率周期波动的主要因素进行了实证分析,研究表明:房地产投资增长率与建筑成本增长率和M2正相关,与利率、房地产价格负相关.     

次级债市场发展与中国商业银行资本金结构调整

对于商业银行而言,发行次级债是一种快速、高效、便捷的资本补充方式,也是一种主动、长期的负债来源。我国商业银行资本充足率的现状和发展趋势预示着次级债的发行将呈上升趋势。但是和国外商业银行相比,中国各商业银行目前的次级债发行处于起步阶段,国外商业银行的一些成熟的经验和做法值得我们借鉴。要促进我国商业银行次级债市场的健康发展,需要从完善商业银行信息披露和债券信用评级制度、培育次级债的流动市场、加强监管、培育和壮大商业银行外的机构投资者等方面加强建设。     

The Utility of a Gender-Specific Definition of Binge Drinking on the AUDIT

Abstract

Objective: Although binge drinking is commonly defined as the consumption of at least 5 drinks in 1 sitting for men and 4 for women, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) defines binge drinking as the consumption of 6 or more drinks in 1 sitting for both men and women. This study examined the effect of using gender-specific binge drinking definitions on overall AUDIT scores. Participants: Participants were 331 college men and 1224 college women. Methods: Participants completed a self-report questionnaire, which included the AUDIT. Results: Findings showed that defining binge drinking as 4 or more drinks for women, rather than 6 or more, does impact their AUDIT scores and could affect the percentage of women classified as hazardous users. Among men, AUDIT scores were unaffected by the use of a gender-specific definition of binge drinking. Conclusions: Results suggest that the AUDIT might be underidentifying hazardous users among college women.     

A Survey of 100 Community Colleges on Student Substance Use,Programming, and Collaborations

Abstract

Objective: The objective was to survey community college personnel about student substance use, and infrastructure (staff and funding), programs, and collaborations dedicated to substance use prevention. Participants: The sample included 100 administrators, faculty, and health services staff at 100 community colleges. Methods: Participants completed a Web-based survey. Results: Participants reported a number of alcohol and other drug (AOD) related concerns. Despite limited staff and funding dedicated to AOD, institutions are implementing a number of programs, although many are not implementing some of the programs popular at traditional 4-year colleges. They are also collaborating with a number of on- and off-campus groups. The availability of staff and funding dedicated to AOD, and the presence of residence halls, is associated with health programming and substance abuse collaborations. Conclusions: Results suggest that there is a need for increased research to understand the most effective AOD prevention strategies for community colleges.     

理工院校文科学报的专业化发展之路探析——以四川理工学院学报(社会科学版)为例

随着文化体制改革不断深入,我国理工院校文科学报该如何发展成为需研究的重要课题。《四川理工学院学报(社会科学版)》近来的发展提供了有益的借鉴。文章以从学术分布、对外开放度、学术影响力、专业化发展的制度保障等多个维度对该刊进行文献计量与统计分析发现,该学报在学术分布上形成了专业化发展趋势,学术影响力逐年提高,多项制度确保了专业化发展顺利进行。