Effects of human-related disturbance on breeding success of urban and non-urban blue tits (<Emphasis Type=Italic>Cyanistes caeruleus</Emphasis>)

There is a need to study the effects of urbanization on wildlife in order to understand the ecological implications of increasing urbanization and find out how to reduce its threats to biodiversity. The blue tit evolved as a forest species and prefers deciduous and mixed forests, whereas its nesting in urban habitats is a more recent phenomenon. Our long-term study of blue tit populations has been conducted in two habitats: an urban parkland (frequently visited by people) and a deciduous forest outside of the city. Using linear mixed modeling, we revealed that a relationship of blue tit breeding success (and the number of fledglings) with thermal conditions in May differed between the urban parkland and the forest. While the relationship was positive in the forest, it was negative in the parkland. In addition, breeding success in the parkland increased with increasing number of rainy days in May. We argue that the main possible reason for such patterns is human activity in the parkland, which interferes with tit parental care, especially the regular feeding of nestlings, whereas it is evidently associated with weather conditions. Human disturbance in the forest is likely to be negligible.     

清初著名回族诗人丁澎生平补考

丁澎是清初诗坛上著名的回族诗人,少时为杭州西泠十子之一,通籍北上后为燕台七子之一,名重一时。丁澎诗文词均擅长,且取得了不俗的成就,不仅为清代文学的繁荣贡献出了一己之力,更影响了很多时人和后来者。为了准确客观地总结丁澎的杰出文学成就,了解其生平显然是很必要的。笔者《<中国回族文学史>中清初诗人丁澎生平考辨》一文,对是书中有关丁澎家世生平方面的讹误叙述一一考辨,但限于篇幅及由于论题的限制,仍未能对其作出全面深入仔细的研究,本文试对其生平事迹作认真、细致的补考。     

生态文明观的源起与发展

学习实践科学发展观要求我们在坚持发展时统筹人与自然的和谐关系,党的十七大又明确提出要建设生态文明,但由于我国仍处在工业化的经济发展阶段,无论是人们的价值理念还是经济发展模式,离生态文明发展要求都有一定的距离,现有的生产和消费方式对生态环境依然构成了较大压力。生态文明的实现需要理论的深入研究和实践的不断探索,本期特刊登三篇关于生态文明建设路径的探索文章,分别从价值理念、政府职责和产业调整的角度探讨了生态文明的建设路径问题,以期推动对生态文明内涵和建设实践的理解认识和深入探讨。     

Cognitive Deficits in Executive Functions and Decision-Making Impairments Cluster Gambling Disorder Sub-types

To identify Gambling Disorder (GD) subtypes, in a population of men seeking treatment for GD, according to specific executive function domains (i.e., cognitive flexibility, inhibition and working memory as well as decision making) which are usually impaired in addictive behaviors. A total of 145 males ranging from 18 to 65 years diagnosed with GD were included in this study. All participants completed: (a) a set of questionnaires to assess psychopathological symptoms, personality and impulsivity traits, and (b) a battery of neuropsychological measures to test different executive functioning domains. Two clusters were identified based on the individual performance on the neuropsychological assessment. Cluster 1 [n = 106; labeled as Low Impaired Executive Function (LIEF)] was composed by patients with poor results in the neuropsychological assessment; cluster 2 patients [n = 46; labeled as High Impaired Executive Function (HIEF)] presented significantly higher deficits on the assessed domains and performed worse than the ones of LIEF cluster. Regarding the characterization of these two clusters, patients in cluster 2 were significantly older, unemployed and registered higher mean age of GD onset than patients in cluster 1. Additionally, patients in cluster 2 also obtained higher psychopathological symptoms, impulsivity (in both positive and negative urgency as well as sensation seeking) and some specific personality traits (higher harm avoidance as well as lower self-directedness and cooperativeness) than patients in cluster 1. The results of this study describe two different GD subtypes based on different cognitive domains (i.e., executive function performance). These two GD subtypes display different impulsivity and personality traits as well as clinical symptoms. The results provide new insight into the etiology and characterization of GD and have the potential to help improving current treatments.     

Exploring the Relationship between Reward and Punishment Sensitivity and Gambling Disorder in a Clinical Sample: A Path Modeling Analysis

Most individuals will gamble during their lifetime, yet only a select few will develop gambling disorder. Gray’s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory holds promise for providing insight into gambling disorder etiology and symptomatology as it ascertains that neurobiological differences in reward and punishment sensitivity play a crucial role in determining an individual’s affect and motives. The aim of the study was to assess a mediational pathway, which included patients’ sex, personality traits, reward and punishment sensitivity, and gambling-severity variables. The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire, the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the Symptom Checklist-Revised, and the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised were administered to a sample of gambling disorder outpatients (N = 831), diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria, attending a specialized outpatient unit. Sociodemographic variables were also recorded. A structural equation model found that both reward and punishment sensitivity were positively and directly associated with increased gambling severity, sociodemographic variables, and certain personality traits while also revealing a complex mediational role for these dimensions. To this end, our findings suggest that the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire could be a useful tool for gaining a better understanding of different gambling disorder phenotypes and developing tailored interventions.     

An extension of Horvitz–Thompson estimator used in adaptive cluster sampling to continuous universe

In this paper, an extension of Horvitz–Thompson estimator used in adaptive cluster sampling to continuous universe is developed. Main new results are presented in theorems. The primary notions of discrete population are transferred to continuous population. First and second order inclusion probabilities for networks are delivered. Horvitz–Thompson estimator for adaptive cluster sampling in continuous universe is constructed. The unbiasedness of the estimator is proven. Variance and unbiased variance estimator are delivered. Finally, the theory is illustrated with an example.     

对东北少数民族锡伯族音乐的探究

东北少数民族有多种音乐形式和内容,如鄂伦春族音乐、鄂温克族音乐、锡伯族音乐、满族音乐、朝鲜族音乐等等。锡伯族音乐是东北少数民族音乐的重要组成部分,它对我国少数民族音乐的保存与发展起到了重要的影响作用,现在更多的音乐工作者和爱好者关注并投身到少数民族音乐采集和整理工作中,让这种积淀了几个世纪历史文化的民族民间音乐更加悦耳动听。