多维互动:族际政治整合机制研究

多维互动是族际政治整合的一种重要机制,政府、社会组织、族员三者互动的结构、特点、方式、内容构成了这种机制的基本框架。其具有认知、理解、信任、包容等功能,这些功能促进了各族员由民族认同到国家认同的转向。因此,建构族际政治整合多维互动机制是实现各族员和谐共处、共同发展的政治保障。     

左江花山岩画铜鼓考

左江花山岩画文化景观成功入选世界遗产名录后,依然有未解的千年之谜。经对左江花山岩画中铜鼓的族属、类型、传承发展、文化功能等进行多角度考证,确认左江花山岩画所绘铜鼓为骆越人所有,其类型为万家坝型、石寨山型和东山型早期铜鼓;岩画中的铜鼓不仅是部族首领权力的象征,还是通天礼神、汇聚人心、指挥军阵、人神共娱的重要礼器、响器及乐器;东汉马援缴骆越铜鼓后,左江流域骆越后裔仍有用鼓、尚鼓的习俗,这是对左江花山岩画铜鼓的一种继承与发展。与此同时,骆越人先进的青铜铸造技术亦为铜鼓在这一地区的传承与发展提供了物质基础。     

少数民族地区旅游开发条件比较研究--以甘肃省肃南县和贵州省黎平县为例

文章通过特尔菲法建立少数民族地区旅游开发条件评价的指标体系 ,利用该指标体系对甘肃省肃南县和贵州省黎平县进行单项评分和综合评价 ,并依据分析结果对两地旅游业的发展提出建议。     

当代埃及妇女发展问题研究

二战后 ,埃及妇女在教育、就业、参政和健康方面的状况较战前有较大程度改观 :女子入学率、识字率不断提高 ,女大学生所学专业日益广泛 ;妇女就业率增长 ,就业领域拓宽 ;妇女参政比例呈上升趋势 ;生育率、孕产妇死亡率日渐下降 ,妇女预期寿命逐步延长。但埃及妇女在发展过程中依然存在许多问题     

原西藏地方政权对墨脱及其以南地区的统辖与治理

墨脱及其以南地区过去是我国珞巴族和门巴族的重要聚居地。从新石器时代开始,珞巴族先民就与藏族先民有着紧密的联系。珞巴族居住的珞瑜地区(包括墨脱)很早就为原我国西藏地方政权统辖和治理。     

论海湾国家妇女的发展问题

随着经济和社会的发展、开明君主的倡导、媒体的影响,海湾国家妇女在各方面都取得了一定的发展。不过,伊斯兰教传统文化、伊斯兰原教旨主义和家族统治等因素使海湾国家妇女的发展缓慢,并且为未来海湾国家妇女的发展埋下了隐忧。在新世纪,海湾国家妇女的发展需要她们自己不懈地努力,需要海湾各国政府为本国妇女的发展提供必要的支持,需要建立男女"伙伴与合作关系",还需要考虑社会不同阶层妇女的实际情况。     

印度的达里特人与种姓压迫

印度的种姓压迫缘自种姓制度。种姓制度是印度自古以来的不平等社会制度。这种制度把居民划分为四个种姓,即四个等级:第一等级为婆罗门(祭司和僧侣),掌握神权,从事文化教育;第二等级为刹帝利(贵族和武士),掌握军政大权;第三等级为吠舍(农民、商人和手工业者);第四等级为首陀罗(奴隶和失去土地的自由民)。被排除在四个种姓以外的居民则为“贱民”或称“不可接触者”。在印度,高种姓的雅利安白人为保持自己的统治地位和纯正血统,还建立了种姓世袭制和种姓内婚制。为了维护和延续这种不合理的社会制度,高种姓充分利用宗教大造舆论,先是利用婆罗…     

Information Sharing in a Manufacturer–Supplier Relationship: Suppliers' Incentive and Production Efficiency

While there have been vast discussions on the materialistic benefits of continuous improvement from the Toyota and Honda experiences, the academic literature pays little attention to information sharing. In this study, we construct a dynamic adverse selection model in which the supplier privately observes her production efficiency, and in the contractual duration the manufacturer obtains an informative but imprecise signal regarding this private efficiency. We show that despite the disclosure of proprietary information, information sharing may benefit the supplier; the supplier's voluntary participation is more likely to occur when the shared information is rather imprecise. On the other hand, our analysis also reveals that this information sharing unambiguously gives rise to an upward push of the production quantity, and may sometimes lead to an upward distortion that ultimately hurts the supply chain. We also document the non‐trivial impact of the timing of information sharing on the supplier's incentive to participate.     

Inventory‐Based Dynamic Pricing with Costly Price Adjustment

We study an average‐cost stochastic inventory control problem in which the firm can replenish inventory and adjust the price at anytime. We establish the optimality to change the price from low to high in each replenishment cycle as inventory is depleted. With costly price adjustment, scale economies of inventory replenishment are reflected in the cycle time instead of lot size—An increased fixed ordering cost leads to an extended replenishment cycle but does not necessarily increase the order quantity. A reduced marginal cost of ordering calls for an increased order quantity, as well as speeding up product selling within a cycle. We derive useful properties of the profit function that allows for reducing computational complexity of the problem. For systems requiring short replenishment cycles, the optimal solution can be easily computed by applying these properties. For systems requiring long replenishment cycles, we further consider a relaxed problem that is computational tractable. Under this relaxation, the sum of fixed ordering cost and price adjustment cost is equal to (greater than, less than) the total inventory holding cost within a replenishment cycle when the inventory holding cost is linear (convex, concave) in the stock level. Moreover, under the optimal solution, the time‐average profit is the same across all price segments when the inventory holding cost is accounted properly. Through a numerical study, we demonstrate that inventory‐based dynamic pricing can lead to significant profit improvement compared with static pricing and limited price adjustment can yield a benefit that is close to unlimited price adjustment. To be able to enjoy the benefit of dynamic pricing, however, it is important to appropriately choose inventory levels at which the price is revised.     

Risk aggregation with dependence and overdispersion based on the compound Poisson INAR(1) process

Abstract

This paper considers an extension of the classical discrete time risk model for which the claim numbers are assumed to be temporal dependence and overdispersion. The risk model proposed is based on the first-order integer-valued autoregressive (INAR(1)) process with discrete compound Poisson distributed innovations. The explicit expression for the moment generating function of the discounted aggregate claim amount is derived. Some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the impacts of dependence and overdispersion on related quantities such as the stop-loss premium, the value at risk and the tail value at risk.