《局外人》所塑造的现世西西弗

加缪的《局外人》塑造了一个现世荒诞英雄的形象，主人公莫尔索是个活在现代的西西弗，他冷眼观望人类和世界之间不可调和的分裂现实，用一种冷漠的外表坚持把有限的生命活到最多。面对注定没有意义的人生，唯一的出路是与荒诞同行，直至生命的最后一刻，这就是荒诞人的反抗。     

政府推动型城市化促进了县域经济发展吗

文章基于“撤县设区”改革的政策实验,使用一种纯数据推动的合成控制评估思路,分析了政府推动型城市化模式对县域经济发展的影响.研究结果表明:①政府推动型城市化,在大多数地区发挥了中心城市经济发展的辐射和援助作用,但是短期内未能带来人口的实质性城市化;②在影响渠道上,这一城市化进程增强了县域财政的收支能力,同时强化了辖区政府在公共服务事务上的支出,进而发挥着对县域经济发展的促进作用.但是本文的研究也表明,在政府推动型高速城市化背景下,需要警惕假性城市化及延缓县域经济发展的双重隐患,过快或干预过多的城市化模式也可能会损害经济的健康发展.     

马汉和他的“海权论”

阿尔弗雷德·塞耶·马汉在其代表作《海权对历史的影响，1660—1783}中，奠定了“海权论”的基础：1．海权在一个民族和国家的形成过程中扮演了极其重要的角色；2．海权体系由各机构、设施、商船和海军舰队所组成；3．在国家各种力量中，海军是最重要的力量；4．海军的战略目标是在一场决战中打垮敌方舰队，夺取“制海权”；5．海军是美国争霸世界的基础。     

“清客帮闲”:明清时期的无赖知识人及其形象

"清客"、"帮闲",别称"篾片"、"帮身"、"帮客"、"笏板"(或作"忽板")、"蛤蜊"、"陪堂"(或作"陪宾")、"老白赏",其源头可以追溯到春秋四公子门下的门客,以及唐宋时期的"妙客"、"闲人"。在明清两代,清客、帮闲属于特殊的下层知识人群体,亦即"无赖知识人",是商业化、城市化与科举制度的产物。清客、帮闲均属职业"游士"。然两相比较,尚有细微差别:前者凭借的是文学及书法、绘画才艺,在官宦人家"帮闲";而后者则凭借自己的技艺,陪大老官及富家子弟宿娼、饮酒、赌博、唱曲,从中"凑趣"。     

阿富汗出土梵语戏剧残叶跋

20世纪90年代中在阿富汗出土了一叶梵语戏剧残片。本文介绍了哈特曼教授对该残片的转写与英译,并结合汉译佛经中与印度古代戏剧表演相关的史料,为中印（或梵汉）戏剧关系史研究提供了一些新的思考。     

20世纪金宋关系史论著目录--建国前

据不完全统计，1911至1949年间共出版、发表涉及金宋关系史著作、论文205余部、篇，其中著作49部，论文156余篇。目录分为著作、史料与文献、金宋和战、经济交流、人物、其他6类。     

New Data,Strategies, and Insights for Listeria monocytogenes Dose‐Response Models: Summary of an Interagency Workshop, 2011

Listeria monocytogenes is a leading cause of hospitalization, fetal loss, and death due to foodborne illnesses in the United States. A quantitative assessment of the relative risk of listeriosis associated with the consumption of 23 selected categories of ready‐to‐eat foods, published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 2003, has been instrumental in identifying the food products and practices that pose the greatest listeriosis risk and has guided the evaluation of potential intervention strategies. Dose‐response models, which quantify the relationship between an exposure dose and the probability of adverse health outcomes, were essential components of the risk assessment. However, because of data gaps and limitations in the available data and modeling approaches, considerable uncertainty existed. Since publication of the risk assessment, new data have become available for modeling L. monocytogenes dose‐response. At the same time, recent advances in the understanding of L. monocytogenes pathophysiology and strain diversity have warranted a critical reevaluation of the published dose‐response models. To discuss strategies for modeling L. monocytogenes dose‐response, the Interagency Risk Assessment Consortium (IRAC) and the Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (JIFSAN) held a scientific workshop in 2011 (details available at http://foodrisk.org/irac/events/ ). The main findings of the workshop and the most current and relevant data identified during the workshop are summarized and presented in the context of L. monocytogenes dose‐response. This article also discusses new insights on dose‐response modeling for L. monocytogenes and research opportunities to meet future needs.     

On sequential closed testing dose groups with a control

Methods for a sequential test of a dose-response effect in pre-clinical studies are investigated. The objective of the test procedure is to compare several dose groups with a zero-dose control. The sequential testing is conducted within a closed family of one-sided tests. The procedures investigated are based on a monotonicity assumption. These closed procedures strongly control the familywise error rate while providing information about the shape of the dose-responce relationship. Performance of sequential testing procedures are compared via a Monte Carlo simulation study. We illustrae the procedures by application to a real data set.     

Maternal Autonomy- and Connectedness-oriented Parenting Behaviors as Predictors of Children's Social Behaviors in China

The purpose of the study was to examine the contributions of maternal encouragement of autonomy and maternal encouragement of connectedness to the prediction of children's social behaviors. A sample of children (N  =  94), initially aged two years, and their mothers in China participated in the two-year longitudinal study. Child autonomy and connectedness and maternal goal-oriented behaviors were assessed at two years of age through the observation of mother–child interactions. Data on children's social participation, prosocial behavior, aggression, and organization/leadership in peer interactions were collected in a follow-up study when the children were four years of age. It was found that maternal encouragement of connectedness significantly predicted children's sociability and organization/leadership behavior, especially for children who were relatively high on autonomy. The results indicated the developmental significance of socialization goal-oriented behaviors in cultural context.     

制订《少数民族教育条例》之我见

为保障和加快我国少数民族教育的改革与发展 ,加强对民族教育的依法管理 ,国家拟于“十五”期间出台《少数民族教育条例》。本文作者作为教育部《少数民族教育条例》起草小组成员和执笔人 ,较深刻地阐述了《少数民族教育条例》的法律地位 ,制订的意义、依据及思路 ,在此基础上 ,具体陈述了自己对《少数民族教育条例》框架结构及有关内容的设想 ,旨在昭示学界 ,求教方家 ,推进《少数民族教育条例》的立法进程。