当代埃及妇女发展问题研究

二战后 ,埃及妇女在教育、就业、参政和健康方面的状况较战前有较大程度改观 :女子入学率、识字率不断提高 ,女大学生所学专业日益广泛 ;妇女就业率增长 ,就业领域拓宽 ;妇女参政比例呈上升趋势 ;生育率、孕产妇死亡率日渐下降 ,妇女预期寿命逐步延长。但埃及妇女在发展过程中依然存在许多问题     

原西藏地方政权对墨脱及其以南地区的统辖与治理

墨脱及其以南地区过去是我国珞巴族和门巴族的重要聚居地。从新石器时代开始,珞巴族先民就与藏族先民有着紧密的联系。珞巴族居住的珞瑜地区(包括墨脱)很早就为原我国西藏地方政权统辖和治理。     

论海湾国家妇女的发展问题

随着经济和社会的发展、开明君主的倡导、媒体的影响,海湾国家妇女在各方面都取得了一定的发展。不过,伊斯兰教传统文化、伊斯兰原教旨主义和家族统治等因素使海湾国家妇女的发展缓慢,并且为未来海湾国家妇女的发展埋下了隐忧。在新世纪,海湾国家妇女的发展需要她们自己不懈地努力,需要海湾各国政府为本国妇女的发展提供必要的支持,需要建立男女"伙伴与合作关系",还需要考虑社会不同阶层妇女的实际情况。     

印度的达里特人与种姓压迫

印度的种姓压迫缘自种姓制度。种姓制度是印度自古以来的不平等社会制度。这种制度把居民划分为四个种姓,即四个等级:第一等级为婆罗门(祭司和僧侣),掌握神权,从事文化教育;第二等级为刹帝利(贵族和武士),掌握军政大权;第三等级为吠舍(农民、商人和手工业者);第四等级为首陀罗(奴隶和失去土地的自由民)。被排除在四个种姓以外的居民则为“贱民”或称“不可接触者”。在印度,高种姓的雅利安白人为保持自己的统治地位和纯正血统,还建立了种姓世袭制和种姓内婚制。为了维护和延续这种不合理的社会制度,高种姓充分利用宗教大造舆论,先是利用婆罗…     

转型加速时期西部少数民族地区结构性贫困研究述论

文章认为西部少数民族地区在社会转型加快时期的贫困问题基本上是结构性贫困,并对这种结构性贫困问题的具体特征及其产生的社会危害进行纬度结构分析,最后系统地从建构现代国家治理体系和治理现代化的背景下提出了治理路径。     

Information Sharing in a Manufacturer–Supplier Relationship: Suppliers' Incentive and Production Efficiency

While there have been vast discussions on the materialistic benefits of continuous improvement from the Toyota and Honda experiences, the academic literature pays little attention to information sharing. In this study, we construct a dynamic adverse selection model in which the supplier privately observes her production efficiency, and in the contractual duration the manufacturer obtains an informative but imprecise signal regarding this private efficiency. We show that despite the disclosure of proprietary information, information sharing may benefit the supplier; the supplier's voluntary participation is more likely to occur when the shared information is rather imprecise. On the other hand, our analysis also reveals that this information sharing unambiguously gives rise to an upward push of the production quantity, and may sometimes lead to an upward distortion that ultimately hurts the supply chain. We also document the non‐trivial impact of the timing of information sharing on the supplier's incentive to participate.     

Inventory‐Based Dynamic Pricing with Costly Price Adjustment

We study an average‐cost stochastic inventory control problem in which the firm can replenish inventory and adjust the price at anytime. We establish the optimality to change the price from low to high in each replenishment cycle as inventory is depleted. With costly price adjustment, scale economies of inventory replenishment are reflected in the cycle time instead of lot size—An increased fixed ordering cost leads to an extended replenishment cycle but does not necessarily increase the order quantity. A reduced marginal cost of ordering calls for an increased order quantity, as well as speeding up product selling within a cycle. We derive useful properties of the profit function that allows for reducing computational complexity of the problem. For systems requiring short replenishment cycles, the optimal solution can be easily computed by applying these properties. For systems requiring long replenishment cycles, we further consider a relaxed problem that is computational tractable. Under this relaxation, the sum of fixed ordering cost and price adjustment cost is equal to (greater than, less than) the total inventory holding cost within a replenishment cycle when the inventory holding cost is linear (convex, concave) in the stock level. Moreover, under the optimal solution, the time‐average profit is the same across all price segments when the inventory holding cost is accounted properly. Through a numerical study, we demonstrate that inventory‐based dynamic pricing can lead to significant profit improvement compared with static pricing and limited price adjustment can yield a benefit that is close to unlimited price adjustment. To be able to enjoy the benefit of dynamic pricing, however, it is important to appropriately choose inventory levels at which the price is revised.     

Risk aggregation with dependence and overdispersion based on the compound Poisson INAR(1) process

Abstract

This paper considers an extension of the classical discrete time risk model for which the claim numbers are assumed to be temporal dependence and overdispersion. The risk model proposed is based on the first-order integer-valued autoregressive (INAR(1)) process with discrete compound Poisson distributed innovations. The explicit expression for the moment generating function of the discounted aggregate claim amount is derived. Some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the impacts of dependence and overdispersion on related quantities such as the stop-loss premium, the value at risk and the tail value at risk.     

Independence test in high-dimension using distance correlation and power enhancement technique

Abstract

This paper is concerned with independence test in high-dimension. A new test statistic is proposed with two terms: one is based on the modified distance correlation statistic, the other is constructed to enhance the power under sparse alternatives. Asymptotic properties of the test statistic are discussed under some regular conditions. The finite-sample simulations exhibit its superiority over some existing procedures. Finally, a real data example illustrates the proposed test.     

财政分权和环境规制促进了中国绿色技术创新吗？

基于我国2003-2017年省级面板数据测算财政分权水平和财政分权效率,结合两阶段关联网络DEA测算绿色创新效率、绿色技术研发效率、绿色技术成果转化效率。结合理论模型与实证模型,分析了财政分权、环境规制对我国绿色技术创新的影响。结果表明：从整体上看,财政分权水平、财政分权效率和环境规制都是推动我国绿色创新发展的积极因素,财政分权还通过影响环境规制对绿色技术创新产生积极间接影响;但也导致了地方政府不注重绿色研发的短视行为。从不同时段看,财政分权和环境规制对绿色创新影响发生了变化,一是国际金融危机以后,财政分权加大了经济刺激政策对绿色创新发展的挤出效应,但这在新时代以后得到缓解;二是2013年以后地方环境规制水平提升过快,在一定程度上反而不利于绿色创新。从发展处于不同分位的地区看,财政分权对高、低分位地区绿色创新发展支持都稍显不足,但提高财政分权效率则能显著带动高分位地区发展;环境规制只在高分位地区促进了绿色创新发展,但对绿色创新效率较低的地区而言,过高的环境规制并没有实际意义。