试论西方近代科学精神与伦理意蕴

从16世纪上半叶哥白尼日心说的创立到17世纪下半叶牛顿经典力学体系的完成,这是人类历史上第一次重大的科学革命,它不仅改变了原有的社会经济和文化的格局,而且也改变了科学自身的地位及其格局.这一时期的科学精神不仅包括科学的理性精神即科学的存疑、探索、创新和兼收并蓄的精神,而且包括科学的伦理精神即科学活动主体的理智德性与道德德性--崇德精神和坚持将科学造福人类的伟大目标--臻善精神.     

非洲裔美国黑人英语的教学价值

美国加利福利亚奥克兰地区学校委员会标准英语教学项目公开承认非洲裔美国黑人英语的合法性以及在学校教学中的教育价值。作为标准美国英语的教学桥梁,笔者认为可以从三个方面来理解黑人英语的作用:第一,黑人英语可以成为黑人学生已有知识向新知识过渡的桥梁;第二,黑人英语是黑人学生语言“接受能力”和“生成能力”的中间环节;第三,在教师的帮助下,黑人学生通过对比、翻译、对语言多样性的了解,能够改变他们对自身语言的认识,提高学习的动机和积极性。     

Cost-effectiveness analysis of the New South Wales adult drug court program

In New South Wales, Australia, a cost-effectiveness evaluation was conducted of an adult drug court (ADC) program as an alternative to jail for criminal offenders addicted to illicit drugs. This article describes the program, the cost-effectiveness analysis, and the results. The results of this study reveal that, for the 23-month period of the evaluation, the ADC was as cost-effective as were conventional sanctions in delaying the time to the first offense and more cost-effective in reducing the frequency of offending for those outcome measures selected. Although the evaluation was conducted using the traditional steps of a cost-effectiveness analysis, because of the complexity of the program and data limitations it was not always possible to adhere to textbook procedures. As such, each step involved in undertaking the cost-effectiveness analysis is discussed, highlighting the key issues faced in the evaluation.     

Bayesian Estimation of Survival Functions under Stochastic Precedence

When estimating the distributions of two random variables, X and Y, investigators often have prior information that Y tends to be bigger than X. To formalize this prior belief, one could potentially assume stochastic ordering between X and Y, which implies Pr(X < or = z) > or = Pr(Y < or = z) for all z in the domain of X and Y. Stochastic ordering is quite restrictive, though, and this article focuses instead on Bayesian estimation of the distribution functions of X and Y under the weaker stochastic precedence constraint, Pr(X < or = Y) > or = 0.5. We consider the case where both X and Y are categorical variables with common support and develop a Gibbs sampling algorithm for posterior computation. The method is then generalized to the case where X and Y are survival times. The proposed approach is illustrated using data on survival after tumor removal for patients with malignant melanoma.     

Grice语用学模式批判

在话语理解中 ,通过解码获得语义 ,通过推理得出说话人意图。在语用学的发展过程中 ,话语理解的重心逐渐转移到推理过程 ,Grice的推理模式就是这种发展的代表 ,认为交际中人们遵守着合作原则以及相关准则 ,违背某些准则是为了表达暗含意义 ,需要推理求得理解。然而 ,Grice过分强调暗含意义 ,而且合作原则及有关准则来源不清 ,严重地削弱了Grice推理模式的解释力。     

The shrimps shall inherit the earth

A new report confirms that peewees outlast titans--among rodents, at least. Whereas most studies assess size at one time point or life stage, the new one tracks the rodents' weight month by month from birth to death. As a result, the work offers the first hint that body weight at an early age correlates with an animal's life expectancy.     

藤野:鲁迅前期内心世界中的一个亮点--在日本芦原町"藤野严九郎与鲁迅"专题研讨会上的发言

鲁迅对藤野先生的感激之情何以非同寻常?首先是自“家庭变故”后,鲁迅一直在寻找“别样的人们”,从南京、东京,至仙台,鲁迅终于发现了“伟大的”“性格”;其次,写作《朝花夕拾》时的鲁迅,因生活中颇多“纷扰”而希望“在纷扰中寻出一点闲静来”,鲁迅正是借回忆藤野先生而在自我生命的底蕴里,寻找光明的力量。     

人性价值观念的演进--从严复的三民说到鲁迅的进化论

严复的"鼓民力,开民智,新民德"三民说,把人性进化从近代引领至现代,起开一代先河的作用.鲁迅则在扬弃严复进化论的基础上提出"一要生存,二要温饱,三要发展"的人性进化观,在其价值原点上,通过自己的价值实践、价值矛盾、价值选择并与马克思主义有机结合,历经了先验性的主观理论架构,体验性的感同身受而走向超验性的终极关怀.自然,鲁迅的进化论更具有时代性、实践性与深刻性,影响也更为持久、深远.     

Role of workplace safety: a revisit of the relationship between job satisfaction and employment status

This study evaluated the relationship between employment status (i.e., part- and full-time) and job satisfaction, with the focus on the moderating roles of perceived injury risk and injury incidence. The results found that the level of job satisfaction for full-time workers was about the same regardless of the level of injury risk they perceived. In contrast, job satisfaction of part-time workers was significantly higher when they perceived low injury risk rather than high injury risk. The findings also supported the potential adverse impact of injury incidence and injury risk on job satisfaction for both part- and full-time workers. This study highlighted the importance of understanding both workplace safety and job satisfaction when attempting to understand the differences between part-time and full-time workers.