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191.
Demographic crisis: The impact of the Bangladesh civil war (1971) on births and deaths in a rural area of Bangladesh 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary In Matlab Bazaar Thana the Cholera Research Laboratory has registered the births, deaths and migrations in a population of approximately 125,000 since 1966. Although this rural area was not the scene of any significant armed encounters, striking changes in birth and death rates were registered during and after the conflict. Birth rates did not change during the relatively brief period of the civil war, but a small decline was registered for one year after the war. Fertility rates which had been declining slightly and irregularly in the pre-war baseline period may have increased slightly during the war and fell substantially in all age groups in the year following the war. The crude death rate, which rose by 37 per cent during the war, was a very sensitive reflection of the administrative and economic problems. Overall infant mortality rose by only 15 per cent over pre-war levels because all of the increase was observed in the post-neo-natal component, which traditionally accounts for less than one-third of the total infant mortality in Bangladesh. Children and older adults accounted for the majority of excess deaths which were largely attributed to acute diarrhoeas and other gastro-intestinal causes. The death rate at ages 1-4 rose by 43 per cent and at ages 5-9 soared to 208 per cent above pre-war baseline rates. All increases in age-specific mortality rates fell to baseline levels during the year following the war, except the 5-9-year age group, in which rates continued to be high largely because of deaths due to dysentery. 相似文献
192.
Task partitioning in new product development teams: A knowledge and learning perspective 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
R&D alliances and outsourcing elements of the new product development process are now commonplace practices among many firms. However, little previous work has examined how these organizational choices influence project knowledge and learning. Based on a comparison of three new product development projects in the software industry, this paper examines how task partitioning in the project influences learning and knowledge development within the firm. The paper suggests that internal development projects encourage synthetic learning and development of architectural and tacit knowledge; in contrast, outsourcing and joint ventures encourage analytic learning and development of component and explicit knowledge. 相似文献
193.
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195.
由现收现付制向基金制转轨的经济学分析 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
文章讨论了有关养老保险体系转轨的几个基本的经济学问题。首先从宏观经济运行的角度出发探讨了以下两个问题 :为什么要从现收现付制向基金制转轨 ?对于现阶段的中国来说马上向基金制转轨是否是最优的选择 ?文章还阐释了基金制下的收益率的决定因素并对基金制与现收现付制的风险因素进行了比较 ,最后对养老保险体系的改革提出了几点建议 相似文献
196.
Chinese version of the OSI: A validation study 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Luo Lu Cary L. Cooper Yen Ching Chen Chia Ho Hsu Hung Luan Wu Jian Bin Shih Chi Hua Li 《Work and stress》1997,11(1):79-86
This article examines the construct validity of the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) in its Chinese version as well as its criterion-oriented validity against self-reported data on absenteeism and accidents, using a final sample of 1054 workers in the Chinese manufacturing and power industries. The divergent and convergent validities of five of the OSI scales—Job satisfaction, Physical ill-health, Mental ill-health, Type A behaviour and Control—were examined by a multimethod-multitrait matrix technique. Results indicated that the Chinese OSI had fairly good validity in relation to other well-established measures as well as relevant organizational behaviours. 相似文献
197.
F. H. Chang H. B. Chen J. Y. Guo F. K. Hwang Uriel G. Rothblum 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2006,11(3):321-339
Consider the problem of partitioning n nonnegative numbers into p parts, where part i can be assigned ni numbers with ni lying in a given range. The goal is to maximize a Schur convex function F whose ith argument is the sum of numbers assigned to part i.
The shape of a partition is the vector consisting of the sizes of its parts, further, a shape (without referring to a particular
partition) is a vector of nonnegative integers (n1,..., np) which sum to n. A partition is called size-consecutive if there is a ranking of the parts which is consistent with their sizes, and all
elements in a higher-ranked part exceed all elements in the lower-ranked part. We demonstrate that one can restrict attention
to size-consecutive partitions with shapes that are nonmajorized, we study these shapes, bound their numbers and develop algorithms
to enumerate them. Our study extends the analysis of a previous paper by Hwang and Rothblum which discussed the above problem
assuming the existence of a majorizing shape.
This research is partially supported by ROC National Science grant NSC 92-2115-M-009-014. 相似文献
198.
Let G be a undirected connected graph. Given g groups each being a subset of V(G) and a number of colors, we consider how to find a subgroup of subsets such that there exists a tree interconnecting all
vertices in each subset and all trees can be colored properly with given colors (no two trees sharing a common edge receive
the same color); the objective is to maximize the number of subsets in the subgroup. This problem arises from the application
of multicast communication in all optical networks. In this paper, we first obtain an explicit lower bound on the approximability
of this problem and prove Ω(g1−ε)-inapproximability even when G is a mesh. We then propose a simple greedy algorithm that achieves performance ratio O√|E(G)|, which matches the theoretical bounds.
Supported in part by the NSF of China under Grant No. 70221001 and 60373012. 相似文献
199.
The Web proxy location problem in general networks is an NP-hard problem. In this paper, we study the problem in networks showing a general tree of rings topology. We improve the results of the tree case in literature and get an exact algorithm with time complexity O(nhk), where n is the number of nodes in the tree, h is the height of the tree (the server is in the root of the tree), and k is the number of web proxies to be placed in the net. For the case of networks with a general tree of rings topology we present an exact algorithm with O(kn
2) time complexity.This research has been supported by NSF of China (No. 10371028) and the Educational Department grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 20030622). 相似文献
200.