时刻莫忘珍惜土地

土地,被卡尔·马克思称之为"一切生产和一切存在的源泉".也就是人们通常所说,土地是人类赖以生存的物质基础,是不可再生的宝贵资源和重要资产,是人类一切活动和社会经济发展的载体.     

李觏与佛教

李觏佛教思想具有双重性，既有排佛的一面，也有容佛的一面。排佛主要表现在两个领域，一是以经济建设、财富积累和社会秩序为内容的物质领域，一是儒家礼治伦理领域；容佛主要表现在对佛教某些教义、佛教教化功能的肯定。李觏佛教思想的基本内容及其特点，是颇有启示的。     

数学教学中渗透创造性思维训练的尝试

通过对联想思维、求异思维、逆向思维、求通求变思维训练的分析,阐述了培养创造性思维的具体方法.     

Partner Choice and the Differential Retreat From Marriage

The contemporary retreat from marriage in the United States has had a differential impact across socioeconomic and racial groups. Here, 1990 marriage rates and propensities for Virginia, North Carolina, and Wisconsin are analyzed regarding (a) the likelihood that persons in different groups ever marry and (b) patterns of partner choice with respect to race and educational level. Marriage remains strong in most race‐education groups but is substantially lower among Blacks and among those with less than 12 years of education. Patterns of partner choice have shifted to show greater symmetry between the educational levels of brides and grooms. Changes have been modest with regard to the level and pattern of interracial (Black‐White) marriage. Marriage is increasingly a union of equals, but a union chosen more by Whites than by Blacks and more by the well educated than by the poorly educated.     

Exposure Reconstruction for the TCDD-Exposed NIOSH Cohort Using a Concentration- and Age-Dependent Model of Elimination

Recent studies demonstrating a concentration dependence of elimination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) suggest that previous estimates of exposure for occupationally exposed cohorts may have underestimated actual exposure, resulting in a potential overestimate of the carcinogenic potency of TCDD in humans based on the mortality data for these cohorts. Using a database on U.S. chemical manufacturing workers potentially exposed to TCDD compiled by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), we evaluated the impact of using a concentration- and age-dependent elimination model (CADM) (Aylward et al., 2005) on estimates of serum lipid area under the curve (AUC) for the NIOSH cohort. These data were used previously by Steenland et al. (2001) in combination with a first-order elimination model with an 8.7-year half-life to estimate cumulative serum lipid concentration (equivalent to AUC) for these workers for use in cancer dose-response assessment. Serum lipid TCDD measurements taken in 1988 for a subset of the cohort were combined with the NIOSH job exposure matrix and work histories to estimate dose rates per unit of exposure score. We evaluated the effect of choices in regression model (regression on untransformed vs. ln-transformed data and inclusion of a nonzero regression intercept) as well as the impact of choices of elimination models and parameters on estimated AUCs for the cohort. Central estimates for dose rate parameters derived from the serum-sampled subcohort were applied with the elimination models to time-specific exposure scores for the entire cohort to generate AUC estimates for all cohort members. Use of the CADM resulted in improved model fits to the serum sampling data compared to the first-order models. Dose rates varied by a factor of 50 among different combinations of elimination model, parameter sets, and regression models. Use of a CADM results in increases of up to five-fold in AUC estimates for the more highly exposed members of the cohort compared to estimates obtained using the first-order model with 8.7-year half-life. This degree of variation in the AUC estimates for this cohort would affect substantially the cancer potency estimates derived from the mortality data from this cohort. Such variability and uncertainty in the reconstructed serum lipid AUC estimates for this cohort, depending on elimination model, parameter set, and regression model, have not been described previously and are critical components in evaluating the dose-response data from the occupationally exposed populations.     

流浪儿童日常生活研究的范式问题

本文对现有的关于流浪儿童日常生活研究的主要范式进行了评述,揭示并详析了以强调流浪儿童的脆弱性为主要特征的“脆弱性视角”、以关注流浪儿童的能动性为基本特征的“能动性视角”和强调流浪儿童的越轨行为的“越轨性视角”。这三种视角强调的流浪儿童日常生活的不同面向之间,可能存在相互交织密不可分的关系。为此,以内涵广泛并内在地强调动态过程的“社会排斥”可成为流浪儿童日常生活研究的一个更适切的概念工具。     

商周"鼎"观念的二元结构

鼎是商周礼器中的代表性器物.在它身上,既凝聚了现实生活的世俗性,又饱含古人的文化想象.本文从其创制入手,通过分析上古文献,阐述商周时代鼎在人们心目中的"神圣/世俗"二元结构存在.     

户籍改革的研究状况及实际进展

随着以市场为导向的经济体制改革的不断深入 ,现行户籍管理制度的弊端日益明显 ,引起学术界和政府有关部门的关注。众多的学者和实际工作者对户籍管理制度产生的原因、户籍改革的必要性和户籍改革的思路等问题作了多方面的探讨 ;实际工作部门对现行户籍管理制度进行了局部的调整和修改。本文就户籍改革的理论研究和实际进展作了较为全面的总结 ,指出了需要进一步研究的理论问题和实际问题     

贺兰山岩画的发现保护及学术地位

作者系统地介绍了贺兰山岩画的发现过程、数量、规模,分析了目前遭大面积破坏的原因,并就近年来对贺兰山岩画的考察研究结果及它在世界古代人类文化史上的地位进行了综合评价。     

医疗服务诱导需求问题的成因和解决机制分析

医疗服务诱导需求问题具有多方面的影响,深入分析问题产生的原因有助于从根本上提出解决问题的有效机制。医疗服务市场之所以存在诱导需求问题,除了由于特殊的市场结构和存在缺陷的医疗保险付费制度外,更重要的是因为医、患、保三方的委托代理关系。只有从改变委托代理关系的角度入手,才能提出有效的解决机制。