论亚里士多德的勇敢观

勇敢以高尚为目的。勇者心中无尚的崇高感即是主体自我确证的强烈心理体验,危险和恐惧在勇者无畏、沉着、理智的心灵面前成为了被超越的对象,相对于危险,勇者永远占据着主动的地位,勇者以死抵抗着致命的威胁,死亡恰恰彰显了他作为主体性存在的不朽,这就是勇敢最根本的性质。     

From advocacy to service provision: state transformation and the disability rights movement in Taiwan

This research uses the development of the disability rights movement in Taiwan as a case study to analyze the impact of state transformation, in particular marketization of social welfare policy, on the disability rights movement. First, the institutionalization of the disability rights movement enabled it to expand its organizational structure and become involved in shaping policy. Secondly, when disability rights organizations started to undertake state-funded projects, their focus shifted from advocacy to service provision. Thirdly, competition for limited state-funding gave the organizations led by urban-middle class advocates a significant advantage over small, community-based NPOs and gathered significantly greater resources. Finally, this paper suggests that, in a context in which the state did not provide basic social services for its citizens with disabilities, the institutionalization of SMOs turned advocacy groups into service providers. Although the number of disability civic organizations increased, the voices of advocacy groups were weakened.     

HPV vaccine acceptance among a sample of Southern men who have sex with men: A comparison of younger and older men

Objectives: Do short, online educational messages about the human papillomavirus (HPV) influence younger and older men who have sex with men (MSM) differently? Second, what are the HPV knowledge levels and risk perceptions of Southern MSM living outside of major metropolitan areas? Methods: This study draws on participants who completed an anonymous online survey asking about their knowledge, risk assessment, and vaccine acceptance regarding HPV. Results: Knowledge about HPV was low among the MSM in this study. After reading a one-page information intervention, vaccine acceptability increased by a statistically significant amount among both a Younger and Older cohort but risk perception only increased among the younger respondents. Single men regardless of age cohort reported sharper increases in perceived risk after the intervention, but relationship status did not produce significant differences in vaccine acceptability. Conclusion: Online, brief interventions may be effective means of increasing motivation to vaccinate among Southern MSM.     

Multiple-class classification: Ordinal and categorical labels

We study multiple-class classification problems. Both ordinal and categorical labeled cases are discussed. The common approaches for multiple-class classification are built on binary classifiers, in which one-versus-one and one-versus-rest are typical approaches. When the number of classes is large, then these binary-classifier-based methods may suffer from either computational costs or the highly imbalanced sample sizes in their training stage. In order to alleviate the computational burden and the imbalanced training data issue in multiple-class classification problems, we propose a method that has competitive performance and retains the ease of model interpretation, which is essential for a prognostic/predictive model.     

A robust automatic clustering algorithm for probability density functions with application to categorizing color images

This study develops a robust automatic algorithm for clustering probability density functions based on the previous research. Unlike other existing methods that often pre-determine the number of clusters, this method can self-organize data groups based on the original data structure. The proposed clustering method is also robust in regards to noise. Three examples of synthetic data and a real-world COREL dataset are utilized to illustrate the accurateness and effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

华夏历史文明传承创新区建设的人力资源支撑

华夏历史文明传承创新区建设是中原经济区的五大战略定位之一,是中华民族特别是一亿多中原儿女光荣而又艰巨的历史任务,它的建设成功可以提升中原文化的软实力,增强中华民族的凝聚力。为此,各级政府和各有关方面须制订和采取有力措施,大量培育和引进高层次人才,并建立科学灵活的人才使用、流动和激励机制,为各类人才成长提供良好的环境和优越的条件,确保华夏历史文明传承创新区早日建成。     

英语访谈中零回指的研究

零回指是指用零代词充当回指词的回指形式,它具有代词的句法特征,但没有实际语音形式,对此回指的理解,直接影响到听者对话语的理解.旨在根据可及性理论,并结合语料中零回指先行语的句法位置,以解读英语访谈中零回指现象.通过分析语料中的395个零回指例子,发现零回指大多出现在近距离语境中;绝大多数零代词出现在主语/主题位置;零回指大多发生在无干扰性名词短语的语境中;零回指的使用具有简洁与明晰的修辞意义.     

社会主义核心价值观若干问题探析

自社会义主义核心价值观确立以来,其内容构建包括国家、社会、个人三个层面,这三个层面各有侧重、相互贯通、相互渗透.而社会主义核心价值观的理论渊源更是意义深远,只有厘清这些问题,才能更好地在实践中践行社会义主义核心价值观.     

Relational Management Mechanisms for Strategic Alliances Among Nonprofit Organizations

This study employs a qualitative multiple-case study to explore relational management mechanisms for strategic nonprofit alliances (NPAs) formed by at least 3 nonprofit organizations by examining collaborative relationships among farmers associations in Taiwan. We explore these mechanisms by analyzing case data from four strategic cooperation characteristics, which can best explain NPAs. To effectively sustain partnerships, our findings suggest that an NPA applies acceptable collaborative rules and regulations, common standard procedures, symmetric information and communication, and capability building and corrective measures when cooperation involves high input commonality. The results also suggest empowerment for partners with deeper input commitment to direct decisions on resource distribution and utilization when collaborative ties involve low input measurability. Regarding high output commonality, we advise NPAs to enforce common output quality control, efficient substandard-output treatment, and external incentives as mechanisms to encourage partners for continued commitment. If relationships involve low output measurability, our findings suggest that NPAs heighten partners’ voluntary motivation for the common good, with goal-achievement assessment measures, professional certification by external experts, and acceptable and reasonable benefit-sharing methods     

Early socialization of hostile attribution bias: The roles of parental attributions,parental discipline,and child attributes

The goal of this study was to examine child and parent predictors of children's hostile attribution bias (HAB) with a particular focus on exploring the associations between parents’ early attribution of child misbehavior and children's HAB in the transition to school age. Participants were 241 children (118 girls) of middle‐income families who were at risk for school‐age conduct problems. Multi‐method, multi‐informant data were collected on maternal attributions of child misbehavior, parental use of corporal punishment, and child attributes (i.e., verbal IQ, effortful control, theory of mind, and emotional understanding) at 3 years, and child HAB in ambiguous situations at 6 years. Results indicated that mothers’ internal explanations for children's misconduct may either reduce or increase children's later HAB depending on the specific content of attributions, such that mothers’ belief that children misbehave because of their internal state (i.e., emotional state or temperament) was associated with lower levels of child HAB, whereas attributing power‐based motives (i.e., manipulative, controlling intentions) in children was associated with higher levels of HAB. The findings are discussed with respect to appreciating the complexity of parents’ explanations for children's behavior, and considering parental cognition as a potential target for early identification and prevention of child HAB and related problems.