论李贺诗歌的悖论性

李贺诗歌之所以吸引和震撼一代又一代人,不仅因为其诗风的诡异奇谲,想象的丰富奇特,而且还因为他的诗歌里充满悖论性。这种悖论性是由于诗人生命的沉沦以及由此作出超越的挣扎而产生的,它既体现在时间意识和创作动机上,也体现在意境的营造、字法的运用和结构的安排上。     

Social and behavioral skills and the gender gap in early educational achievement

Though many studies have suggested that social and behavioral skills play a central role in gender stratification processes, we know little about the extent to which these skills affect gender gaps in academic achievement. Analyzing data from the Early Child Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort, we demonstrate that social and behavioral skills have substantively important effects on academic outcomes from kindergarten through fifth grade. Gender differences in the acquisition of these skills, moreover, explain a considerable fraction of the gender gap in academic outcomes during early elementary school. Boys get roughly the same academic return to social and behavioral skills as their female peers, but girls begin school with more advanced social and behavioral skills and their skill advantage grows over time. While part of the effect may reflect an evaluation process that rewards students who better conform to school norms, our results imply that the acquisition of social and behavioral skills enhances learning as well. Our results call for a reconsideration of the family and school-level processes that produce gender gaps in social and behavioral skills and the advantages they confer for academic and later success.     

Widening the social context of disablement among married older adults: Considering the role of nonmarital relationships for loneliness

Utilizing the stress process and life course perspectives, we investigated the influence of non-spousal social support on the associations between marital quality, physical disability, and loneliness among married older adults. Using data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), we found that the association between physical disability and loneliness was partially accounted for by the fact that physical disability was associated with less supportive nonmarital relationships. While physically-disabled older adults in higher-quality marriages were buffered from loneliness, supportive non-martial relationships did not offset elevated loneliness among those in low-quality marriages. These associations were largely similar for men and women. Thus, although both marital and nonmarital relationships are important for loneliness, when confronted with a stressor such as disablement it is the marital relationship alone that matters.     

Opinions toward suicide: Cross-national evaluation of cultural and religious effects on individuals

This study evaluates the role that religious and cultural values have on individual opinions toward suicide worldwide. Using multilevel modeling with data from the fourth wave of the World Values Survey (42,299 individuals in 43 countries), the current study is designed to analyze the effect of individual (i.e., micro-level), and country (i.e., macro-level) characteristics on opinions toward suicide. Specifically, cultural values, religious affiliation, religious importance, and church attendance are analyzed at both the individual and country levels to evaluate the impact of individual and country level effects on opinions toward suicide. The results show that individual opinions toward suicide are influenced by individual belief as well as by the cultural and religious characteristics of their country. The results suggest that evaluation of individual opinions toward controversial behavior should account for the unique and cross-interaction effects of micro- and macro-level effects.     

大众文化与主流文化：两种文化维度的差异、联系与融合

大众文化与主流文化是当今多元文化时代最为显著、也是对社会影响最为深刻的两种文化维度,这两种文化不仅代表了社会在发展中文明的变迁,同时也表现出了社会在发展过程中所展示出的文化冲突。本文以大众文化和主流文化的差异与联系为出发点,论述了大众文化与主流文化融合的可能性以及融合的途径。     

"学词"与"词学"的分化

晚清时期的词创作和词学研究体现出"学词"与"词学"并存的过渡特征.词作中存在明显的学问化倾向,往往成为记录词学成果的载体;而在词话、词选中,探求学词之法又是最主要的内容;造成了词创作缺乏性情,词学研究过于偏尚技术等种种弊端.随着现代词学观念的萌芽和发展,二者逐步疏离并分化,标志着现代词学学科的独立和学科意识的自觉.     

Ethnic differences in the academic achievement process in Canada

This research examines the extent to which differences in achievement between German-speaking and French-speaking students are accounted for by theoretically related intervening variables and the extent to which the entire achievement process differs across the two ethnic groups. For the two ethnic groups, both main effects and interaction effects have significant consequences for the academic achievement process, even when a number of other variables are controlled. The results suggest that the whole process works to the benefit of the German-speaking students and to the detriment of the French-speaking students.     

用新的眼光审视《中国小说史略》

《中国小说史略》在学术界产生重大而深远的影响,成为中国小说史研究的经典范本.然而作为特定历史时期的产物,受时代环境等因素的影响,其在文献史料研究、写作体例、对小说价值的界定和解释上还存在缺陷及局限.正补其遗误,从而对《中国小说史略》做更深入的、学术性的、实事求是的思考.     

论大学英语精读课改革

传统的大学英语精读课教学只注重语言知识的输入 ,忽略了语言技能的培养。改革精读课教学必须以提高学生的语言综合运用能力为着眼点 ,由此展开多方面的探索     

Globalization, the structure of the world economy and economic development

How does the structure of the world economy determine the gains from participation therein? In order to answer this question, we conduct a state of the art network analysis of international trade to map the structure of the international division of labor (IDL). We regress cross-national variation in economic growth on positional variation and mobility of countries within the IDL from 1965 to 2000. We find that the highest rates of economic growth occurred to countries in the middle of the IDL over the course of globalization. Second, we find that upper tier positions in the IDL are converging with each other, but diverging from the lower tier. This suggests that the mechanism underlying the rapid economic growth in intermediate positions was their uniquely high rates of upward mobility, in turn a function of their middling position. Taken together, these findings suggest that a country’s long-term economic development is conditioned by its position in the IDL.