A comparative study of confidence intervals to assess biosimilarity from analytical data

Assessment of analytical similarity of tier 1 quality attributes is based on a set of hypotheses that tests the mean difference of reference and test products against a margin adjusted for standard deviation of the reference product. Thus, proper assessment of the biosimilarity hypothesis requires statistical tests that account for the uncertainty associated with the estimations of the mean differences and the standard deviation of the reference product. Recently, a linear reformulation of the biosimilarity hypothesis has been proposed, which facilitates development and implementation of statistical tests. These statistical tests account for the uncertainty in the estimation process of all the unknown parameters. In this paper, we survey methods for constructing confidence intervals for testing the linearized reformulation of the biosimilarity hypothesis and also compare the performance of the methods. We discuss test procedures using confidence intervals to make possible comparison among recently developed methods as well as other previously developed methods that have not been applied for demonstrating analytical similarity. A computer simulation study was conducted to compare the performance of the methods based on the ability to maintain the test size and power, as well as computational complexity. We demonstrate the methods using two example applications. At the end, we make recommendations concerning the use of the methods.     

A primal dual active set with continuation algorithm for high-dimensional nonconvex SICA-penalized regression

The smooth integration of counting and absolute deviation (SICA) penalty has been demonstrated theoretically and practically to be effective in nonconvex penalization for variable selection and parameter estimation. However, solving the nonconvex optimization problem associated with SICA penalty in high-dimensional setting remains to be enriched, mainly due to the singularity at the origin and the nonconvexity of the SICA penalty function. In this paper, we develop a fast primal dual active set (PDAS) with continuation algorithm for solving the nonconvex SICA-penalized least squares in high dimensions. Upon introducing the dual variable, the PDAS algorithm iteratively identify and update the active set in the optimization using both the primal and dual information, and then solve a low-dimensional least square problem on the active set. When combined with a continuation strategy and a high-dimensional Bayesian information criterion (BIC) selector on the tuning parameters, the proposed algorithm is very efficient and accurate. Extensive simulation studies and analysis of a high-dimensional microarray gene expression data are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.     

Measuring servitization progress and outcome: the case of ‘advanced services’

The purpose of this paper is to establish a framework for assessing the progress and outcome of a manufacturer’s transformation towards becoming a provider of ‘advanced services’ – a complex bundling of products and services, whereby manufacturers offer capabilities and outcomes instead of products alone. ‘Advanced services’ represent the most complex offering in the current servitization trend amongst manufacturers. However, current performance measures lack the breadth and focus to assess progress or outcomes, and so support research and practice of organisational transformation efforts required. To address this gap the paper investigates how a manufacturer’s efforts to become an ‘advanced services’ provider can be comprehensively measured, and develops a framework for assessing the transformation journey towards becoming an ‘advanced services’ provider. The research method is based on (1) a systematic literature review process to create a comprehensive set of service-related performance measures that are available to assess a manufacturer’s servitization efforts, followed by (2) an engagement with an expert panel to synthesise the identified measures and create a set of ‘advanced services’ performance measures. The proposed framework is presented as a scorecard that can be used in practice to assess the progress and outcome of a manufacturer’s transformation towards becoming a provider of ‘advanced services’.     

Cross Validation of the Gambling Problem Severity Subscale of the Canadian Adolescent Gambling Index (CAGI/GPSS) on a Sample of Ontario High School Students

This paper reports on the cross validation of the Gambling Problem Severity Subscale of the Canadian Adolescent Gambling Index (CAGI/GPSS). The CAGI/GPSS was included in a large school based drug use and health survey conducted in 2015. Data from students in grades 9–12 (ages 13–20 years) derived from the (N = 3369 students). The CAGI/GPSS produced an alpha of 0.789. A principle component analysis revealed two eigenvalues greater than one. An oblique rotation revealed these components to represent consequences and over involvement. The CAGI/GPSS indicated that 1% of the students fell into the “red” category indicating a severe problem and an additional 3.3% scored in the “yellow” category indicating low to moderate problems. The CAGI/GPSS was shown to be significantly correlated with gambling frequency (r = 0.36), largest expenditure (r = 0.37), sex (more likely to be male) (r = ?0.19), lower school marks (r = ?0.07), hazardous drinking, (r = 0.16), problem video game play (r = 0.16), as well as substance abuse. The CAGI/GPSS was cross validated using a shorted version of the short SOGS, r = 0.48. In addition the CAGI/GPSS and short SOGS produced very similar patterns of correlations results. The results support the validity and reliability of the CAGI/GPSS as a measure of gambling problems among adolescents.     

大学物理实验中学生创新能力的培养

分析了当前大学物理实验教学在教学、学习和内容上对学生创新力造成制约的现象。在此基础上,从激发学生兴趣营造创新环境、强化心理培养、改革大学物理实验教学体系和建立实践实训基地四个方面提出了对大学生创新能力培养的措施。     

刑事简易程序定罪证明标准研究

刑事简易程序由于其相对于普通程序更为简易和快速,而受到各国的青睐。在我国简易程序中,虽然在审判程序上予以了简化,但从实践来看,程序简化的运行效果并不理想,以至无法达到快速审判的要求;从理论上看,仅仅是程序步骤的减少也难以为"实质意义的简化"提供有力的支持。而简易程序在实体上对所有案件无差别的适用"证据确实充分"和"排除合理怀疑"的定罪证明标准,无疑是阻碍快速审判的一个重要原因。该定罪标准不仅与证明标准差异化、多元化不符,也不利于将更多的精力投入到疑难复杂案件中。在被告人认罪的案件中,事实相对清楚,争点也比较小,适当的降低定罪证明标准具有一定的可行性,并且在降低的同时,可以通过加强辩护权、重点审查认罪的真实性     

Gambling,Drinking and Quality of Life: Evidence from Macao and Australia

The investigation of the interface between psychological constructs, compulsive consumption of alcohol and pathological gambling is an important avenue for development of future initiatives in social marketing or prevention programs. This cross-cultural study attempts to bridge the gap in literature by providing an evaluation of the predictive ability of psychological variables such as gambling urge, gambling-related erroneous cognitions and comorbid alcohol consumption on pathological gambling behaviour and its impact on overall quality of life indicators. Participants consist of 445 Macao and Australian young adults (Mean age = 23 years). Results indicate that probable pathological gamblers as compared with non-gamblers reported significantly lower quality of life in all domains—physical health, psychological well-being, social relationships and environment. Adults who drank more alcohol and have stronger erroneous cognitions evidenced higher pathological gambling behavior. Our research model fits both cohorts and interestingly, erroneous gambling-related cognitions serve as a full mediator for the predictive relationship between gambling urge and pathological gambling in the Macao sample, but serve as a partial mediator in the Australian sample. Targeting erroneous cognitions in future social marketing or preventive campaigns should demonstrate to be an important strategy in reducing the effects of urge to gamble among at-risk individuals. Further implications for the industry, marketing and governmental strategies are discussed.     

北京人口和产业政策的经济影响分析——利用扩展的投入产出模型

本文分析北京控制人口增长和产业政策引发的经济影响,通过延伸的北京投入产出模型计算最终需求(产出、收入、税收和GDP)乘数和产出驱动(产出、收入、税收和GDP)乘数,测算北京人口控制和产业疏解引发的经济影响和土地开发限制引发的经济影响。分析结果显示,无论是人口控制、产业疏解,还是土地开发限制,对北京的经济影响都是相当显著的,计算的主要经济指标(分行业的产出、收入、税收和GDP)的绝对值和增长率都表明了这个结论。因此,北京在控制人口和疏解产业的同时,需要采取相应的措施来消除控制城市增长的人口和产业政策带来的税收、收入等负面影响。     

析体育生活对大学生社会化发展的影响

文章分析了处于青春期的大学生在社会化过程中的个体心理和社会心理的需要以及社会对大学生发展的要求,指出大学生的社会化发展是个体内在需要和社会环境影响辩证统一发展的结果.体育生活是大学生社会化发展所需的重要的社会环境和主要内容,对大学生的社会化发展有着非常重要的意义.     

天堂寨假日旅游市场调查分析

在实地考察与调查并拥有大量第一手资料的基础上,从旅游客源构成、旅游者行为特征及经济特征、旅游评价、旅游市场空间结构等方面,对天堂寨假日旅游市场进行了具体分析,并探讨了天堂寨旅游市场开发的对策与策略。