浅析列宁《论粮食税》一文的方法及当代现实意义

列宁的《论粮食税》一文是从当时俄国的具体国情出发所做出的正确的理论与实践选择。这篇文章中所包含的方法——唯物辩证法更是具有重要意义。列宁从这一方法出发重新认识了社会主义的阶段,指出了社会主义是具体的这一科学命题。列宁的方法以及由这一方法所产生的理论认识对中国社会主义建设事业具有重要的启示意义。     

苏俄军队进占库伦与外蒙古人民党政权的建立

1921年2月1日,俄恩琴白匪攻占库伦,中国中央政府军退守恰克图,在苏俄和远东共和国以及外蒙古人民武装的攻击下,中国中央政府被迫撤离外蒙古,在苏俄政府的军事政治干预下,外蒙古宣布独立。     

秦皇岛推进旅游立市的几个战略问题

2009年10月22日,中共秦皇岛市委以市委十届六次全会决议的形式通过了《中共秦皇岛市委、秦皇岛市人民政府关于实施旅游立市战略、加快旅游产业发展的决定》。这标志着秦皇岛将率先在河北省实施旅游立市的发展战略,走出一条以旅游业为统领、现代服务业为支撑的现代产业体系,以旅游城市、     

WTO体制下自由贸易与环境保护的冲突及协调——以WTO环保例外条款的适用为视角

随着国际贸易自由化和环境保护全球化趋势的不断增强,贸易与环境的关系日益密切,环境保护问题在多边贸易体制内的重要性日趋突出.为了协调自由贸易与环境保护的关系,WTO在其法律框架内设置了一系列的环保例外条款,并通过对这些条款的适用与解释来寻求自由贸易与环境保护的平衡.我国作为一个发展中国家,同时作为一个世界贸易大国,应当深入研究WTO环保例外条款在适用中的新发展,并善于运用环保例外条款来维护自身的环境利益和贸易利益.     

中美博士后培养事业的比较分析

本文重点分析了中美博士后培养事业兴起的背景、制度异同、最新发展状况以及各自面临的问题和挑战.在对中美博士后培养事业充分对比分析的基础上,提出时进一步健全和完善中国博士后培养制度的建议:根据博士后培养目的的变化和科学研究规律的不同,增强中国博士后制度的灵活性;明确博士后科研流动站(或博士后科研工作站)、博士后合作导师和博士后研究人员三方之间的权利和义务,强化当事各方之间的协议约定.     

低碳生活的环境道德诉求

低碳生活的本真内涵是节约资源,减少污染,促进人与自然共生共荣。低碳生活方式的全球化推进是一场深刻的价值观革命,内含诸多环境道德诉求,需要动员各种社会力量,提高环境道德觉悟,以促进低碳生活方式的形成与普及。     

Minimizing the total cost of barrier coverage in a linear domain

Barrier coverage, as one of the most important applications of wireless sensor network (WSNs), is to provide coverage for the boundary of a target region. We study the barrier coverage problem by using a set of n sensors with adjustable coverage radii deployed along a line interval or circle. Our goal is to determine a range assignment \(\mathbf {R}=({r_{1}},{r_{2}}, \ldots , {r_{n}})\) of sensors such that the line interval or circle is fully covered and its total cost \(C(\mathbf {R})=\sum _{i=1}^n {r_{i}}^\alpha \) is minimized. For the line interval case, we formulate the barrier coverage problem of line-based offsets deployment, and present two approximation algorithms to solve it. One is an approximation algorithm of ratio 4 / 3 runs in \(O(n^{2})\) time, while the other is a fully polynomial time approximation scheme (FPTAS) of computational complexity \(O(\frac{n^{2}}{\epsilon })\). For the circle case, we optimally solve it when \(\alpha = 1\) and present a \(2(\frac{\pi }{2})^\alpha \)-approximation algorithm when \(\alpha > 1\). Besides, we propose an integer linear programming (ILP) to minimize the total cost of the barrier coverage problem such that each point of the line interval is covered by at least k sensors.     

Socioeconomic Inequality and Life Satisfaction in Late Childhood and Adolescence: A Moderated Mediation Model

An increasing number of studies have established an association between socioeconomic inequality and life satisfaction, but the underlying mediating and moderating mechanisms of this association have not been fully identified. The present study investigated the effect of family socioeconomic status (SES) on life satisfaction in late childhood and adolescence; examined the mediating effect of optimism in the association between family SES and life satisfaction; and tested whether this mediating process varied across late childhood and adolescence. A sample of 552 Chinese children in late childhood (M _age = 10.73 years, SD = 0.96) and 637 Chinese adolescents (M _age = 14.71 years, SD = 1.60) was recruited to complete questionnaires regarding family SES, optimism, and life satisfaction. Results indicated that socioeconomic inequality was associated with life satisfaction in Chinese children and adolescents. Moreover, optimism partially mediated the relation between family SES and life satisfaction, and developmental period moderated this mediation effect. Specifically, the mediation effect was found in adolescence, but not in late childhood, indicating an adolescent-emergent model (Chen et al. in Psychol Bull 128(2):295–329, 2002; in Soc Sci Med 62(9):2161–2170, 2006). The meaning and implications of socioeconomic inequality in different development periods and applied considerations to improve life satisfaction in late childhood and adolescence are discussed.     

Health Status and Risk Behaviors of Sexual Minorities Among Chinese Adolescents: A School-Based Survey

This study aimed to examine the association between sexual orientation and health disparities among a stratified random sample of 3776 secondary students in Hong Kong. The prevalence of homosexuality and bisexuality were 1.5% and 2.6% in boys and 1.8% and 3.7% in girls, respectively. A total of 10.7% of boys and 8.8% of girls were unsure of their sexual orientation. Homosexual and bisexual boys reported poorer physical and mental health than their heterosexual peers. Homosexual and bisexual boys were more likely to engage in smoking, frequent drinking, and vaginal sex and be subjected to sexually transmitted disease and sexual victimization. However, lesbian and bisexual girls were less likely to engage in risky health behaviors except for smoking and being subjected to sexual victimization. There is a gender-specific problem that may warrant prevention and intervention programs to address the unique health issues facing homosexual and bisexual adolescents in Hong Kong.     

非均衡数据两因素方差分析中多种原假设形式的一致性

基于自变量之间的非正交性或相关性,非均衡数据两因素方差分析方法区别于经典的均衡数据方差分析.文章给出了非均衡数据两因素方差分析的模型退化理论与线性推断理论的等价性证明.给出了非均衡数据两因素方差分析的多种原假设表现形式及它们在三种不同处理方法中的不同应用方便性.