“结构困境”到“内生聚合”：特色小城镇复合生态发展的现实逻辑

特色小城镇作为新型城镇化和乡村振兴战略背景下推动城乡融合和农村城镇化的新模式,对于地方实现特色发展和典型引领,实施基层治理创新具有重要靶向功能。围绕"多源化-差异化-依赖互补-生态系统平衡"的要素耦合与"动态化-调试化-创新化-可持续发展"的行动建构整合思路,对地方生态特色化发展进行理论阐释和政策建构。基于江苏省南京市Y镇的生态发展经验,依据"政治合法-政策合理-行动合意"的路径对该镇复合生态治理的机制进行分析,提炼出特色小城镇内生聚合发展的新模式,即特色小城镇生态复合发展应基于复合生态系统治理的特征诉求,协调好经济、社会和生态的平衡关系,推动"三生"空间体系建设,促进民生保障与经济发展,创新治理体系,引导城镇更新和社会有序发展。对于现实存在的结构化困境问题,需运用复合生态治理的要求加以矫正和规范,培育多源要素耦合的基础,将其重新整合最为关键的要素及对应体系,发挥内生聚合效应,重新实现新的生态均衡。     

五台山旅游景观偏好特征——基于游记照片色彩表征的分析

旅游景观偏好特征与目的地选择决策直接相关,收集马蜂窝旅游网五台山相关旅游照片,采用色彩分析技术,形成11种色彩与景观的对应关系,运用社会网络分析法,划分旅游者景观偏好的核心/边缘部分.结果显示,五台山旅游景观偏好呈现明显的层次结构,可以分为三个层次:以"古朴"为基底的聚焦类景观群,以"小清新"为基底的喜爱类景观群,以"多彩"为基底的偏爱类景观群.据此,提出五台山旅游营销建议.     

临空经济对高技术产业集聚的影响研究 ——基于中国省域面板数据的实证分析

临空经济发展使得空港城市成为集聚高端生产要素的承载地,在促进区域经济高质量发展中具有十分重要的作用.选取2004—2019年中国省域面板数据,从区域层面和产业层面,分别探讨临空经济影响高技术产业集聚的时空演变特征及其差异性.研究结果表明:临空经济对中国高技术产业的集聚作用显著,航空货流是促进高技术产业集聚的主要因素;临空经济对高技术产业集聚的影响程度存在地区差异,西部地区的影响系数最大且最显著;临空经济对高技术产业的集聚效应存在产业异质性,其中对电子计算机及办公设备制造业的集聚效应最大;航空客流引发的高端人才流动是高技术产业内部集聚的主要动力源.     

菌包全自动窝口插棒装置机械系统的研制

在对菌包窝口插棒装置功能原理分析的基础上,提出了其机械系统的总体设计方案,并对菌包翻转机构、插棒机械手、菌棒输送机构、菌包旋转夹紧机构和窝口机械手的机构组成及工作原理进行了详细分析.样机试验结果表明,本装置在保证窝口插棒质量的同时,菌棒进给速度达到25个/min;窝口插棒时间2.4s,菌包生产效率提高33％.本设备已在菌包自动化生产设备中得到应用,满足设计要求,且运行稳定.     

民族互嵌社区精准治理的理论向度与实践路径——以贵州省兴义市S街道社区为例

民族互嵌社区是中华民族多元一体格局空间场域延展的实践形态,是对“各民族相互嵌入式的社会结构和社区环境”这一时代命题的现实阐释。现代城市社区功能的集聚和细化为民族互嵌的再造及重释提供了场域空间,由于民族互嵌社区具有公共性、聚合性和互动性的本质特征,从而形成了立体化嵌套结构,催生出精准互嵌理论和实践的“双重愿景”:理论层面,要深刻把握民族互嵌社区精准治理的目标向度、方法向度、内容向度;实践层面,要精准识别民族互嵌社区的场域情境,以智能技术描绘民族互嵌过程的“全景图”和“晴雨表”,通过社区制度体系的精准供给,提升民族互嵌社区精准治理的效能。     

国际贸易中心指标体系构建及对上海国际贸易竞争力的评估和建议

随着长三角区域、亚洲区域市场一体化加快推进,上海国际贸易中心建设可充分利用长三角区域枢纽区位优势,从提升总部功能发力,从点上政策突破到面上统筹,对外汇、人才、贸易便利化、数据跨境流动进行系统安排,集聚跨国公司总部;从结算、采购、营销、物流、分拨等功能层面进行分类施策,推动贸易主体营运功能衍生;发挥金融、保险、咨询等专业服务优势,使上海成为长三角区域、国内企业国际营销网络的开拓通道.     

“THE WAR FOR THE FARE”: HOW DRIVER COMPENSATION AFFECTS BUS SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

Prior to 2007, two systems of bus driver compensation coexisted in Santiago, Chile: one paid drivers per passenger transported, while the other paid a fixed wage. Per‐passenger drivers engaged in “The War for the Fare,” altering their driving patterns to compete for passengers. Examining these systems on similar routes in Santiago, we observed two key findings. Compared with the fixed‐wage system, the per‐passenger system leads to (1) 13% shorter passenger wait times, via reduced bunching of buses and (2) 67% more accidents per kilometer driven, via more aggressive driving. We discuss implications for the design of incentives in public transit. (JEL L92, M52, R41)     

Why females live longer than males: control of longevity by sex hormones

Females live longer than males in many species, including humans. We have traced a possible explanation for this phenomenon to the beneficial action of estrogens, which bind to estrogen receptors and increase the expression of longevity-associated genes, including those encoding the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. As a result, mitochondria from females produce fewer reactive oxygen species than those from males. Administering estrogens has serious drawbacks, however--they are feminizing (and thus cannot be administered to males) and may increase the incidence of serious diseases such as uterine cancer in postmenopausal women. Phytoestrogens, which are present in soy or wine, may have some of the favorable effects of estrogens without their undesirable effects. Study of gender differences in longevity may help us to understand the basic processes of aging and to devise practical strategies to increase the longevity of both females and males.     

But Where Are “The People”? Unfinished Agendas in The People of Puerto Rico

The People of Puerto Rico is a comprehensive ethnography of major types of rural communities in pre-1950 Puerto Rico but was less successful in reconnecting those localities in a coherent portrayal of the island's social formation. A reexamination of this work's best-known subcultures, Santa Isabel (Sidney Mintz' “Cañamelar”) and Ciales (Eric Wolf's “San José”), offers entry points to these communities, as well as to the key concepts that Mintz and Wolf constructed reciprocally through their research: rural proletarian and peasant, plantation and hacienda. Also present are the too-implicit spatial referents of these concepts—lowland and highland, foreland and hinterland—and their associated crop types, sugar and coffee. In this article, the historical space of Santa Isabel and Ciales will be reconsidered, in part with reference to often-overlooked nuances and caveats in Mintz' and Wolf's chapters. Foregrounding the spatial/ecological referent in “Cañamelar” and “San José” opens our sights to counterpoints between sugar and livestock, and to patterns of highland-lowland migration, kin networks, and social interaction. Familiar concepts take on new meanings as we discern supra-municipal, sub-insular, and intermediate island regions and move closer to specifying historical situations (Mintz) while renewing our theorization (Wolf).     

公司持有现金和负债是相互替代的吗?

通过利用2001-2008年上市公司财务数据,采用GMM动态面板分析方法,研究了公司持有现金和债务比例的相互关系以及两者随现金流变动的变化规律。尽管总体样本表明,我国上市公司都存在显著的正的现金-现金流敏感性和负的债务-现金流敏感性,且现金持有和负债存在显著的替代关系。但是,在逐步考虑融资约束和对冲需求的条件下,公司持有现金和降低债务的偏好随之发生较大的差异和分化,而且,现金和债务的严格替代关系主要存在于未来现金流紧张的融资约束公司中。这些实证结果说明,我国上市公司既有与发达国家相似的持有现金与债务择机而变的现金流管理政策,同时也存在与我国资本市场不完善条件下自有的财务最优行为。