西夏军队装备述论

西夏所处的时代,是我国古代冷兵器已得到高度发展,火药武器兴起但还处于早期的发展阶段。本文从战马、甲胄、兵器和指挥用具等四方面考察,认为西夏已经拥有冷兵器时代的高水平的军队装备,虽然其经济实力和科技水平不及宋、辽、金,但由于多种原因,彼此军队装备的水平是大体相当的。     

Characterizations based on conditional expectations

For given real functionsg andh, first we give necessary and sufficient conditions such that there exists a random variableX satisfying thatE(g(X)|X≥y)=h(y)r _x (y),∀y ∈ C _x , whereC _x andT _X are the support and the failure rate function ofX, respectively. These extend the results of Ruiz and Navarro (1994) and Ghitany et al. (1995). Next we investigate necessary and sufficient conditions such thath(y)=E(g(X)|X≥y), for a given functionh. Support for this research was provided in part by the National Science Council of the Republic of China, Grant No. NSC 86-2115-M-110-014 and NSC 88-2118-M-110-001     

Association between sexually explicit messages and sleep health among French sexual minority men

It has been demonstrated that sexual minority men (SMM) participate in sexting. While research has shown that engagement in the exchange of sexually explicit media is associated with poor health outcomes, no previous research has investigated its association with sleep health outcomes. This study sought to examine the association between sexually explicit media and sleep health among SMM, a population that suffers from poor sleep health. A popular geosocial networking application was used to recruit SMM individuals (N?=?580) in the Paris, France, metropolitan area. Multivariate analyses, adjusting for sociodemographics, were used to test the association between the frequency of sexually explicit messaging and three dimensions of sleep health: (1) sleep quality, (2) sleep duration, and (3) two aspects of sleep problems. In multivariate analyses, those who reported engaging in sexually explicit messaging more were more likely to report getting less than seven?hours of sleep (aRR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.08, 1.43) compared with those who reported engaging in sexually explicit messaging less. No significant associations were found between sexting and sleep quality or reporting sleep problems. Sexually explicit messaging was associated with shorter sleep duration. Intervention targeted at individuals who sext could potentially improve sleep health outcomes.     

Inferences for a Partially Varying Coefficient Model With Endogenous Regressors

In this article, we propose a new class of semiparametric instrumental variable models with partially varying coefficients, in which the structural function has a partially linear form and the impact of endogenous structural variables can vary over different levels of some exogenous variables. We propose a three-step estimation procedure to estimate both functional and constant coefficients. The consistency and asymptotic normality of these proposed estimators are established. Moreover, a generalized F-test is developed to test whether the functional coefficients are of particular parametric forms with some underlying economic intuitions, and furthermore, the limiting distribution of the proposed generalized F-test statistic under the null hypothesis is established. Finally, we illustrate the finite sample performance of our approach with simulations and two real data examples in economics.     

80后大学生理想、信念建构研究

80后大学生的种种社会表现已广泛引起社会的注意,他们的理想信念如何,关乎我国的社会发展和民族前途。因此了解他们的理想信念实际并探讨理想信念构建的对策是关乎国运的一件大事。     

中国经济转型期城镇少数民族教育收益率的实证研究

文章分别使用了OLS方法和分位回归技术,考察了1995—2007年间中国城镇少数民族教育收益率的总体水平及其长期变化趋势,并将之与汉族进行了比较,发现在经济转型期,中国城镇居民教育收益率总体上呈逐年上升趋势,少数民族与汉族之间的教育收益率没有显著差异。政策的力量与市场的力量有机结合、相互叠加,是转型时期中国城镇少数民族的地位并没有发生逆转的重要原因。与汉族相同,少数民族的教育收益率随着收入分位点提高而逐渐减小,即收入水平越高,教育收益率越低。     

列宁对马克思东方社会理论的继承和发展

列宁在领导俄国人民进行社会主义革命和建设,指导东方民族民主革命的过程中,从多个侧面和不同的角度继承与发展了马克思的东方社会理论。这种继承和发展集中体现在列宁关于“非资本主义发展”、“一国首先胜利”、“未来社会发展阶段”以及新经济政策的思想理论中。     

论企业社会责任认证的约束传递机制

SA8000是经济全球化下企业履行社会责任的约束传递机制,是用“无形的眼睛”对企业行为进行监督,但企业社会责任的约束传递机制是有条件的。企业间应改变博弈,寻求有效的协作竞争机制,使企业主动履行社会责任。     

应用效用论计量湖北森林生态资源基础价值的研究

该文在指出有关森林生态资源价值计量及补偿问题研究方面存在的主要误区及提出森林生态资源价值计量4个重要观点的基础上,对湖北森林生态资源基础价值进行了计算。结果表明:湖北森林生态资源价值总量为1568.37亿元,年增长量为73.10亿元,其中有形资源年增长量为43.78亿元,无形资源的年增长量为29.32亿元,有形资源与无形资源的价值及增量比大约为1.5∶1。湖北不同类型森林生态资源价值存在着明显差别,由高到低依次为:四旁林>针阔混交林>阔叶林>针叶林>竹林等,森林有形生态资源是森林生态资源的物质基础。针阔混交林、阔叶林、针叶林是湖北森林生态资源的主体。社会自然经济环境对森林生态资源价值有直接影响,不同年度、不同地区社会经济发展状况不同,森林生态资源价值也会发生相应的变化。     

市场是"无形之手"还是"有形之手"

本文说明了斯密的市场“无形之手”学说其实是“有形之手”学说,认为将市场视为“无形之手”既不符合斯密的本意,也不符合各种市场的客观实际,还会给我国市场化改革造成思想上的混乱和行动上的困惑,增加构建社会主义和谐社会的成本。