浅论霍桑小说《红字》主题的模糊性

霍桑代表作《红字》的主题一直是学界长期争论的焦点.道德学派提出《红字》的主题是人类之罪,反映了作者清教徒式的罪恶观,但霍桑对待男女主人公模棱两可的态度却又使人对此产生怀疑.女权主义研究则强调《红字》女主角身上体现的女权主义,而小说蕴涵的女权色彩却又被霍桑字里行间的嘲讽所冲淡.政治学派认为《红字》包含革命主题,而小说中对复辟和恢复秩序的偏好倾向却又反映了作者对社会革命保守、怀疑的态度.新文化论者认为,这是一个关于从旧世界过渡到新世界的神话式文化寓言,然而,在小说中却找不到由一条主线贯穿的、统一的文化"神话".这一切源于霍桑的模糊风格使小说具有多重的复杂意义.     

Subjective Well-Being Among College Students

Social Indicators Research - This study examined the subjective well-being of Korean college students and its relation with personality constructs, such as self-esteem, collective self-esteem, and...     

认知疗法在大学生自杀预防中的应用

大学生心理危机干预与自杀预防已经成为高校心理健康教育工作所面临的重要课题。认知疗法作为一种系统的心理治疗的理论与技术,其应用范围正日益扩大。综合运用贝克认知疗法与埃利斯的合理情绪疗法,进行大学生自杀的预防,应当注意延缓其自杀冲动,引导他们识别错误认知,改变错误认知,引导他们正视现实,提高问题解决能力。     

A Decision Framework for Managing Risk to Airports from Terrorist Attack

This article presents an asset‐level security risk management framework to assist stakeholders of critical assets with allocating limited budgets for enhancing their safety and security against terrorist attack. The proposed framework models the security system of an asset, considers various threat scenarios, and models the sequential decision framework of attackers during the attack. Its novel contributions are the introduction of the notion of partial neutralization of attackers by defenders, estimation of total loss from successful, partially successful, and unsuccessful actions of attackers at various stages of an attack, and inclusion of the effects of these losses on the choices made by terrorists at various stages of the attack. The application of the proposed method is demonstrated in an example dealing with security risk management of a U.S. commercial airport, in which a set of plausible threat scenarios and risk mitigation options are considered. It is found that a combination of providing blast‐resistant cargo containers and a video surveillance system on the airport perimeter fence is the best option based on minimum expected life‐cycle cost considering a 10‐year service period.     

A novel auto-regressive fractionally integrated moving average–least-squares support vector machine model for electricity spot prices prediction

In the framework of competitive electricity market, prices forecasting has become a real challenge for all market participants. However, forecasting is a rather complex task since electricity prices involve many features comparably with those in financial markets. Electricity markets are more unpredictable than other commodities referred to as extreme volatile. Therefore, the choice of the forecasting model has become even more important. In this paper, a new hybrid model is proposed. This model exploits the feature and strength of the auto-regressive fractionally integrated moving average model as well as least-squares support vector machine model. The expected prediction combination takes advantage of each model's strength or unique capability. The proposed model is examined by using data from the Nordpool electricity market. Empirical results showed that the proposed method has the best prediction accuracy compared to other methods.     

瘦西湖的景观格调与文化特性——以熙春台向北至蜀冈的山林景观为例

扬州瘦西湖是世界文化遗产预备清单中的国家级风景名胜区,是中国文化景观的杰出代表,是盛清时期中国园林建筑的重要典范。历史上众多文人墨客都有关注,但大都集中于对瘦西湖文化现象、社会习俗、诗文雅集、乾隆南巡等大文化事件等方面的解析;直接以瘦西湖景观为切入点,对其文化景观的基调、特性尚未有过研究。以瘦西湖整体景观架构为独特视角,以熙春台向北至蜀冈的山林景观为研究对象,将会对瘦西湖的建筑、山水等景观要素以及诗会、雅集等文化特性有一个较为全面的解读。     

基于Airbnb网络文本数据的旅游者民宿体验感知研究

民宿作为分享经济在旅游领域发展的新业态,为旅游者提供了一种全新的休闲方式。为了深入剖析影响旅游者民宿体验感知的关键因素,利用网络爬虫技术采集Airbnb用户评论数据作为研究样本,依循扎根理论方法的开放式编码、主轴式编码及选择式编码的三重过程,构建了旅游者民宿体验感知模型;借助ROST CM6.0软件从旅游者的正面评价及负面评价中提取高频特征词,分别对旅游者积极感知和消极感知的影响因素进行分析,并将城市民宿与乡村民宿进行比较。结果表明:旅游者对民宿体验的感知贯穿于旅游前期待体验—旅游中感受体验—旅游回味体验这3个阶段,由体验期望、体验前准备、民宿周围环境、民宿核心场景体验、体验后评价等5个维度构成;旅游者对城市民宿及乡村民宿的积极感知因素具有一致性,主要表现在地理位置、自然环境、文化环境、民宿特色和主客互动等方面;而消极感知因素具有差异性,配套设施和卫生条件是旅游者对城市民宿体验消极感知的主要影响因素,旅游者对乡村民宿的消极感知受到地理位置、基础设施及配套设施等多种因素的影响。     

Information-based thinning of point processes and its application to shock models

Thinning of point processes is a useful operation that is implemented in various stochastic models. When the initial point process is the nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP), the thinned processes are also nonhomogeneous Poisson processes independent of each other. The crucial assumption in deriving this result is that the corresponding classification of events is independent of all other events, including the history of the process. However, in practice, this classification is often dependent on the history. In our paper, we define and describe the thinned processes for the history-dependent case using different levels of available information. We also discuss the applications of the obtained general results to the corresponding shocks models.     

大城市外来人口分布态势的分析与启示——以上海为例

随着都市区这类新型城市化空间形态的发展,对大城市外来人口问题的研究不应仅仅停留在总量变动的探讨和空间无差别化的政策设计。近年人口普查数据显示,上海外来人口分布正扩散到全市的各个区域,呈"面状侵入"的发展态势,其中远郊区外来人口增长最为突出。外来人口与上海市户籍人口居住空间的交叉、重叠、渗透将普遍出现在全市各个环带。外来人口的性别、年龄、受教育程度等结构特征在都市区内部均呈现比较明显的环带差异。经济发展、产业结构调整、大型居住区规划建设等对外来人口分布变动产生较大影响。二元城市管理模式下,外来人口公共管理与服务的压力存在显著的空间非均衡性,为此应设计一套具有空间响应性的公共管理与服务机制。上海各类属性外来人口的空间分布也呈现明显的环带差异特征,这些都是将来精细化政策设计的现实依据。     

What Makes Koreans Happy?: Exploration on the Structure of Happy Life among Korean Adults

The current study explored the perceptions of Korean people about what can make them happy and constructed a comprehensive measurement of happiness of Korean. A total of 61 Korean adults participated in Focused Group Interview (FGI), where they were asked three questions (e.g., What makes you happy? What could make you happier than now? In general, who is a happy person?). Participants’ responses were reviewed by the present investigators independently and 152 statements of happy life with 18 categories were derived from content-analysis. The list of 152 statements of happy life was administered to 517 Korean adults to assess the importance of each item for Koreans’ happy life through the objective rating scale (6-point Likert scale). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that most factors were unidimensional. The items with low reliability were deleted and some new items were added, resulting in the experimental form of the Happy Life Inventory with 156 items and 18 categories including a new category of religion. The preliminary form of the Happy Life Inventory and the Psychological Well-being scale were administered to a nationwide sample of 1503 Korean adults in order to assess their happiness through 6-point Likert scale. The responses from 877 participants were submitted to exploratory factor analysis. The items with low factor loadings were excluded and 98 items with 16 factors were included in the final version of the Happy Life Inventory. Confirmatory factor analysis of the responses from 611 subjects confirmed that the 16 factor model was appropriate and most categories had one underlying dimension with moderate to high reliabilities. Correlations between the Happy Life Inventory and the psychological well-being scale supported construct validity of the Happy Life Inventory. Suggestions for further research were discussed.