试论文献检索与情报检索的界域差异

从研究文献与情报的概念和界域差异着眼 ,分析了文献检索与情报检索的界域区别 ,以便于提高检索效率和信息的利用率     

南极洲与联合国关系辨析

冷战时代签署的《南极条约》规定,南极洲不“属于”联合国而归南极条约组织管辖。这一管理模式经受了来自联合国的挑战,但因南极条约体系所体现的宗旨和原则的合理性,以及大国政治的主导作用,《南极条约》没有受到实质性挑战,反而逐渐与联合国在南极事务方面达成了默契。南极洲与联合国的关系对中国政府的南极政策有重要的启示作用。     

科学发展观引领下的中国城市化速度探讨

步入新世纪之后,中国城市化实现了加速发展,每年均以超过1%的速度推动城市化,城市现代化的进程也在迅速发展.这无疑成为中国走向现代化,实现民族复兴的重要内涵.     

Untangling the commonalities and differences between domestic cross-regional experience and international experience in shaping speed of internationalization

Prior studies have paid attention to the influence of domestic experience on internationalization, for which domestic experience primarily refers to the accumulation of internationalization knowledge from industrial peers or partners at home. We argue that the commonalities and differences between international experience and domestic cross-regional experience have not been fully incorporated in previous frameworks in the literature. Thus, in untangling the commonalities, we purposively differentiate domestic experience into two dimensions, i.e., repetition-based experience and diversity-based experience, to investigate the contingent role of making domestic cross-regional investments in shaping the relationship between international experience and the speed of internationalization. We expect that these two dimensions of domestic experience will moderate the relationship between international experience and the speed of internationalization in a different way. More specifically, repetition-based experience has a negative moderating effect while diversity-based experience has a positive moderating effect. Further, considering the differences between international investments and domestic investments, we expect that the joint impacts of international experience and domestic cross-regional experience on internationalization speed are contingent on whether firms have sufficient resources to support multiple learning or whether institutions between the home country and foreign country is similar enough for cross-context application. We expect that financial slack and institutional distance between prior foreign entries' country and the home country play significant three-way moderating roles in setting boundaries for the relationship between domestic experience and international experience. Based on the analysis of 302 Chinese publicly listed firms from 2001 to 2014, the dynamic panel data regression results support our hypotheses. Overall, our simultaneous consideration of commonalities and differences between domestic investments and international investments sheds light on how MNCs learn from both international and domestic investments to speed up their foreign expansions.     

精准扶贫政策效果评估——家庭消费视角下的实证研究

本文基于2013~2019年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,运用双重差分(DID)方法,检验了精准扶贫政策对贫困家庭消费的影响,深入探讨了精准扶贫分类施策的政策效果。研究发现,精准扶贫政策使贫困户人均消费提高4.37%,生存型消费提高5.76%,发展型消费提高13.12%。从消费结构来看,政策显著增加了食品、衣着、居住、交通通信及教育文娱等支出,同时,居住类、交通通信支出占总消费的比重显著提高,医疗保健支出占比显著降低。进一步地,对于老年贫困家庭,精准扶贫政策通过直接转移支付方式提高消费水平,优化消费结构;对于因病致贫家庭,政策通过低保等直接转移支付方式,降低医疗支出,提高生活水平;对于因学致贫家庭,政策通过教育帮扶方式,缓解教育负担,改善生活质量。对于教育程度低的家庭,政策通过"扶志与扶智"相结合的方式激励贫困家庭,过上美好生活。本文实证结果表明精准扶贫政策发挥出"对症下药,靶向治疗"作用。家庭特征异质性分析表明,政策对老年人口、不健康人群、未成年子女数量多、教育水平低的深度贫困家庭作用更明显。地区异质性分析发现,政策在贫困县与"三区三州"深度贫困地区效果更突出。这表明精准扶贫政策聚焦深度贫困,专啃"硬骨头",精准发力,推动贫困家庭生活质量大幅提升。本文的研究为厘清精准扶贫政策帮扶渠道,评估减贫动态效果提供了实证依据,可为相关部门切实把握政策成效,巩固拓展脱贫成果,总结中国扶贫经验提供政策参考。     

“为有源头活水来”:精准扶贫对农户信贷的影响

本文基于2011~2017年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,运用双重差分法(DID)研究了精准扶贫政策对农业信贷渠道和农业信贷规模的影响。研究发现,精准扶贫政策使贫困户获得农业正规信贷的概率提高了1.93%,正规信贷规模提高了20.43%。随着时间的推移,政策作用逐渐增强,精准扶贫政策实施后第三年,贫困户农业正规信贷概率提高3.45%,农业正规信贷规模提高34.4%;非正规信贷概率下降4.08%,规模下降33.34%,非正规金融对正规金融的补充作用减弱。进一步地,本文发现政策效果在西部地区更为显著,反映出该项政策在推动金融扶贫区域间协同发展中发挥了积极作用。相较于贫困县,非贫困县的贫困户正规信贷获得的概率及规模提升效果更为显著,体现出中国贫困治理中先"区域整体"后"精准突破"的工作思路。本文还发现精准扶贫政策下的正规农业贷款资金并不存在明显的"精英俘获"效应,然而极度贫困家庭的正规信贷获得情况仍未发生显著变化。因此,精准扶贫政策对建立健全农村信贷市场成效显著,但极度贫困家庭获得正规金融的渠道还需进一步完善。     

Accountability in Voluntary Partnerships: To Whom and for What?

This paper contributes to the understanding of accountability in collaborative governance by presenting views of practitioners from partnerships formed between K-12 public schools and private and nonprofit organizations in the United States. It focuses on two questions: what do partnership practitioners see the partnerships as being accountable for? And to whom do they see the partnerships as being accountable? The findings suggest that partnership participants reveal more of client-based and results-oriented views of accountability. They are more directly concerned about professional accountability and accountability to the partners. A concentric-circles model is then developed to illustrate the accountability relationships in partnerships.     

万维网的小世界效应探讨

在工程信息的长期安全保存和可靠调用过程中,存在着信息和其使用系统之间的兼容问题和对信息定期检查、移存、转化的时间和效率问题。目前国内外对这两类问题还没有可行的解决方法和技术。介绍了“六度分离”现象和经典的小世界网络模型,提出了WWW模型的架构,并在此基础上提出了万维网中任意两个网页间链接路径的搜索算法和计算万维网的特征路径长度,借此验证万维网具有小世界效应,为解决大量级和分散性信息的管理问题提供了可靠的科学依据。     

社会组织提起环境民事公益诉讼研究——-以激励机制为视角

随着新《民事诉讼诉法》与《环境保护法》等的修订实施，我国环境民事公益诉讼有了法律保障。但是，社会组织提起环境民事公益诉讼在现实中却遇冷。实践中，社会组织面临的工作与资金压力很大，同时，原告胜诉奖励制度缺失、环境民事公益诉讼基金制度也不完善。这就需要有与社会组织提起环境民事公益诉讼相衔接的多种法律激励机制。首先，要设立环境民事公益诉讼基金制度、完善减免措施，加强对环境民事公益诉讼基金的管理，明确环境民事公益诉讼基金的申请规则与支付要求，重视环境民事公益诉讼基金的监督；其次，要创新律师收费制度、健全法律援助制度；再次，要加强安全保护，进一步改革环境民事公益诉讼费的收取问题。     

高校校医室护理人员的素质

高校校医室护理工作具有综合性、适应性、独立性和自觉性等特点,护理人员须具有良好的职业道德、广博的专业知识和熟练的专业技能,才能提高护理水平与质量。