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561.
A Proportional Hazards Regression Model for the Subdistribution with Covariates‐adjusted Censoring Weight for Competing Risks Data 下载免费PDF全文
Peng He Frank Eriksson Thomas H. Scheike Mei‐Jie Zhang 《Scandinavian Journal of Statistics》2016,43(1):103-122
With competing risks data, one often needs to assess the treatment and covariate effects on the cumulative incidence function. Fine and Gray proposed a proportional hazards regression model for the subdistribution of a competing risk with the assumption that the censoring distribution and the covariates are independent. Covariate‐dependent censoring sometimes occurs in medical studies. In this paper, we study the proportional hazards regression model for the subdistribution of a competing risk with proper adjustments for covariate‐dependent censoring. We consider a covariate‐adjusted weight function by fitting the Cox model for the censoring distribution and using the predictive probability for each individual. Our simulation study shows that the covariate‐adjusted weight estimator is basically unbiased when the censoring time depends on the covariates, and the covariate‐adjusted weight approach works well for the variance estimator as well. We illustrate our methods with bone marrow transplant data from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. Here, cancer relapse and death in complete remission are two competing risks. 相似文献
562.
Predictive Inference for Big,Spatial, Non‐Gaussian Data: MODIS Cloud Data and its Change‐of‐Support 下载免费PDF全文
Aritra Sengupta Noel Cressie Brian H. Kahn Richard Frey 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》2016,58(1):15-45
Remote sensing of the earth with satellites yields datasets that can be massive in size, nonstationary in space, and non‐Gaussian in distribution. To overcome computational challenges, we use the reduced‐rank spatial random effects (SRE) model in a statistical analysis of cloud‐mask data from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on board NASA's Terra satellite. Parameterisations of cloud processes are the biggest source of uncertainty and sensitivity in different climate models’ future projections of Earth's climate. An accurate quantification of the spatial distribution of clouds, as well as a rigorously estimated pixel‐scale clear‐sky‐probability process, is needed to establish reliable estimates of cloud‐distributional changes and trends caused by climate change. Here we give a hierarchical spatial‐statistical modelling approach for a very large spatial dataset of 2.75 million pixels, corresponding to a granule of MODIS cloud‐mask data, and we use spatial change‐of‐Support relationships to estimate cloud fraction at coarser resolutions. Our model is non‐Gaussian; it postulates a hidden process for the clear‐sky probability that makes use of the SRE model, EM‐estimation, and optimal (empirical Bayes) spatial prediction of the clear‐sky‐probability process. Measures of prediction uncertainty are also given. 相似文献
563.
564.
本文以合肥工业大学为例,通过对该校近三届毕业生就业的地域流向进行调查,分析了理工科高校毕业生地域流向的三个特点及成因,并就如何做好毕业生就业工作提出有关对策. 相似文献
565.
Following up on a research note by Stephen Moore published in 1985, this article compares the results of the survey conducted
in 1985 against one carried out in 2006 on the views of eminent social scientists (economists, political scientists, psychologists,
sociologists, historians and anthropologists) on immigration issues. Specifically, the surveys report on whether the respondents
are likely to favor an increase in the number of immigrants who are allowed into the United States and other issues such as
whether immigrants improve the economy.
Rita J. Simon is a sociologist who earned her doctorate at the University of Chicago. She is currently a “University Professor” in the School of Public Affairs and the Washington College of Law at American University, Washington, DC. Professor Simon has authored 37 books and edited 19 including: Immigration the World Over with James P. Lynch. She served as editor of The American Sociological Review and from 1983–1986 as editor of Justice Quarterly. In 1966, she received a Guggenheim Fellowship. Jennifer Kanaan is a doctoral candidate in Justice, Law and Society at American University in Washington, DC. 相似文献
Rita J. SimonEmail: |
Rita J. Simon is a sociologist who earned her doctorate at the University of Chicago. She is currently a “University Professor” in the School of Public Affairs and the Washington College of Law at American University, Washington, DC. Professor Simon has authored 37 books and edited 19 including: Immigration the World Over with James P. Lynch. She served as editor of The American Sociological Review and from 1983–1986 as editor of Justice Quarterly. In 1966, she received a Guggenheim Fellowship. Jennifer Kanaan is a doctoral candidate in Justice, Law and Society at American University in Washington, DC. 相似文献
566.
Sima Zalcberg 《Gender Issues》2007,24(3):13-34
Women’s modesty norms are often perceived as governing women’s bodies and as patriarchal oppression. This study challenges
these perspectives, offering a deeper, multi-dimensional picture showing that the reality of the women’s life is much more
complicated. The article chose to discuss aspects of modesty among women of one of the most extreme Jewish ultra-Orthodox
groups, and in particular, to investigate how they experience an extremely demanding requirement—shaving off the hair on their
head upon marriage and covering their head with a black kerchief. The findings show that there are a variety of voices among
the women, ranging from the view that these practices are desirable, through the view that they empower the women, to the
view that they damage one’s attractiveness and are quite painful.
相似文献
Sima ZalcbergEmail: |
567.
Consistent with a new genre of research on life-course analyses of health-service use, this study explores the consequences of long-term exposure to a risk factor. Drawing from cumulative-disadvantage theory, the study examines whether obesity, especially chronic obesity, increases hospitalization admission and length of stay. Analyses make use of hospital records abstracted over 20 years from a national survey of adults 41 to 77 years of age at baseline (n = 4,574). Multiple measures of body weight are used to calculate adult obesity duration. Results reveal that obesity increased hospital admissions and length of stay over the 20 years studied. Among persons obese at any time during the study, years of obesity also led to longer stays. The findings highlight the utility of measures of the duration of risk exposure for both life-course studies of health and tests of cumulative-disadvantage theory. 相似文献
568.
In Britain in recent years social mobility has become a topic of central political concern, primarily as a result of the effort made by New Labour to make equality of opportunity rather than equality of condition a focus of policy. Questions of the level, pattern and trend of mobility thus bear directly on the relevance of New Labour's policy analysis, and in turn are likely be crucial to the evaluation of its performance in government. However, politically motivated discussion of social mobility often reveals an inadequate grasp of both empirical and analytical issues. We provide new evidence relevant to the assessment of social mobility - in particular, intergenerational class mobility - in contemporary Britain through cross-cohort analyses based on the NCDS and BCS datasets which we can relate to earlier cross-sectional analyses based on the GHS. We find that, contrary to what seems now widely supposed, there is no evidence that absolute mobility rates are falling; but, for men, the balance of upward and downward movement is becoming less favourable. This is overwhelmingly the result of class structural change. Relative mobility rates, for both men and women, remain essentially constant, although there are possible indications of a declining propensity for long-range mobility. We conclude that under present day structural conditions there can be no return to the generally rising rates of upward mobility that characterized the middle decades of the twentieth century - unless this is achieved through changing relative rates in the direction of greater equality or, that is, of greater fluidity. But this would then produce rising rates of downward mobility to exactly the same extent - an outcome apparently unappreciated by, and unlikely to be congenial to, politicians preoccupied with winning the electoral 'middle ground'. 相似文献
569.
Ester Carolina Apesoa-Varano 《Qualitative sociology》2007,30(3):249-274
This article examines the formation of occupational identity in a nursing program. The normative and ideological dimensions
of this process are revealed in the program’s goals and the views of educators and students through qualitative data from
observations and 30 in-depth interviews. Educators seek to socialize students toward professionalism to raise the occupation’s
status by emphasizing the scientific and technical basis of nursing. Yet students uphold a gendered discourse by identifying
a normative dimension of caring as central to their occupational identity. The dilemma between professionalism and caring
is reconciled as students construct an occupational identity based on “educated caring,” where these two dimensions are equally
valuable and significant.
Ester Carolina Apesoa-Varano is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Sociology at the University of California, Davis. Her areas of interest include work, occupations, and professions, medical sociology, gender, and inequality. She is currently working on her dissertation, entitled “Medicine and Caring: Healthcare Providers at Work.” Her previous research focused on a historical analysis of ideologies in the official publication of a large nursing organization. In 2004, a version of her qualifying paper “A Professional Project: Science, Caring, and Ideology in a Baccalaureate Nursing Program” was awarded the Graduate Student Paper Award from the Carework Network (an American Sociological Association affiliate organization). In 2004 she also co-authored with Charles Varano an article entitled “Nurses and Labor Activism in the United States: The Role of Class, Gender, and Ideology,” published in a special issue of Social Justice. 相似文献
Ester Carolina Apesoa-VaranoEmail: |
Ester Carolina Apesoa-Varano is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Sociology at the University of California, Davis. Her areas of interest include work, occupations, and professions, medical sociology, gender, and inequality. She is currently working on her dissertation, entitled “Medicine and Caring: Healthcare Providers at Work.” Her previous research focused on a historical analysis of ideologies in the official publication of a large nursing organization. In 2004, a version of her qualifying paper “A Professional Project: Science, Caring, and Ideology in a Baccalaureate Nursing Program” was awarded the Graduate Student Paper Award from the Carework Network (an American Sociological Association affiliate organization). In 2004 she also co-authored with Charles Varano an article entitled “Nurses and Labor Activism in the United States: The Role of Class, Gender, and Ideology,” published in a special issue of Social Justice. 相似文献
570.
Orit Avishai 《Qualitative sociology》2007,30(2):135-152
Drawing on interviews with twenty-five mostly white, educated, work-force experienced and class-privileged mothers, this paper
explores how these women construct the lactating body as a carefully managed site and breast-feeding as a project—a task to
be researched, planned, implemented, and assessed, with reliance on expert knowledge, professional advice, and consumption.
The framing of breast-feeding as a project contrasts with the emphases on pleasure, embodied subjectivity, relationality,
and empowerment that characterizes much of the recent breast-feeding literature across the humanities and social sciences.
I argue that the project frame sheds light on the amount of work and self-discipline involved in compliance with broader middle-class
mothering standards set in the consumerist, technological, medicalized, and professionalized contexts that shape parenting
in late capitalist America.
相似文献
Orit AvishaiEmail: |