女性主义社会工作的渊源和发展——对传统的批判及其专业性的重塑

女性主义起源于19世纪的法国,女性主义者透过实践诉求两性平权的社会,试图让女性从父权制中解脱出来。1970至1980年代开始,社会工作者将女性主义观点应用到实务工作中,从而产生了女性主义社会工作。女性主义社会工作通过对传统社会工作的批判,对其专业性进行了重塑,让实务者不仅使女性在能力建设、心理调适和社会支持等方面得到了提高,也使女性在宏观的社会关系变革中得到了发展。     

BATHTUB-TYPE CURVES IN RELIABILITY AND BEYOND

Finding optimal, or at least good, maintenance and repair policies is crucial in reliability engineering. Likewise, describing life phases of human mortality is important when determining social policy or insurance premiums. In these tasks, one searches for distributions to fit data and then makes inferences about the population(s). In the present paper, we focus on bathtub‐type distributions and provide a view of certain problems, methods and solutions, and a few challenges, that can be encountered in reliability engineering, survival analysis, demography and actuarial science.     

Heteroscedastic Regression Models and Applications to Off-line Quality Control

We discuss in the present paper the analysis of heteroscedastic regression models and their applications to off-line quality control problems. It is well known that the method of pseudo-likelihood is usually preferred to full maximum likelihood since estimators of the parameters in the regression function obtained are more robust to misspecification of the variance function. Despite its popularity, however, existing theoretical results are difficult to apply and are of limited use in many applications. Using more recent results in estimating equations, we obtain an efficient algorithm for computing the pseudo-likelihood estimator with desirable convergence properties and also derive simple, explicit and easy to apply asymptotic results. These results are used to look in detail at variance minimization in off-line quality control, yielding techniques of inferences for the optimized design parameter. In application of some existing approaches to off-line quality control, such as the dual response methodology, rigorous statistical inference techniques are scarce and difficult to obtain. An example of off-line quality control is presented to discuss the practical aspects involved in the application of the results obtained and to address issues such as data transformation, model building and the optimization of design parameters. The analysis shows very encouraging results, and is seen to be able to unveil some important information not found in previous analyses.     

Operating Characteristics for Group Sequential Trials Monitored Under Fractional Brownian Motion

Brownian motion has been used to derive stopping boundaries for group sequential trials, however, when we observe dependent increment in the data, fractional Brownian motion is an alternative to be considered to model such data. In this article we compared expected sample sizes and stopping times for different stopping boundaries based on the power family alpha spending function under various values of Hurst coefficient. Results showed that the expected sample sizes and stopping times will decrease and power increases when the Hurst coefficient increases. With same Hurst coefficient, the closer the boundaries are to that of O'Brien-Fleming, the higher the expected sample sizes and stopping times are; however, power has a decreasing trend for values start from H = 0.6 (early analysis), 0.7 (equal space), 0.8 (late analysis). We also illustrate study design changes using results from the BHAT study.     

An Investigation of Quantile Function Estimators Relative to Quantile Confidence Interval Coverage

In this article, we investigate the limitations of traditional quantile function estimators and introduce a new class of quantile function estimators, namely, the semi-parametric tail-extrapolated quantile estimators, which has excellent performance for estimating the extreme tails with finite sample sizes. The smoothed bootstrap and direct density estimation via the characteristic function methods are developed for the estimation of confidence intervals. Through a comprehensive simulation study to compare the confidence interval estimations of various quantile estimators, we discuss the preferred quantile estimator in conjunction with the confidence interval estimation method to use under different circumstances. Data examples are given to illustrate the superiority of the semi-parametric tail-extrapolated quantile estimators. The new class of quantile estimators is obtained by slight modification of traditional quantile estimators, and therefore, should be specifically appealing to researchers in estimating the extreme tails.     

Testing spatial randomness based on empirical distribution function: A study on lattice data

In this article, we extended the empirical distribution function based test statistic _Ik$I_k$ of Skaug and Tjostheim [1993. Nonparametric test of serial independence based on the empirical distribution function. Biometrika 80, 591–602] in the time series setting to _Dn$D_n$ for spatial lattice data and derived the asymptotic distribution of the proposed test statistic _Dn$D_n$ under the null hypothesis of spatial independence. The size and power of the proposed test statistic under conditional autoregressive model (CAR) were simulated. We applied _Dn$D_n$, Moran's I and Geary's c   to the transformed and well-studied sudden infant death syndrome data from North Carolina and found that _Dn$D_n$ produced a much smaller p$p$-value in testing spatial independence.     

Study of a Markov model for a high-quality dependent process

For high-quality processes, non-conforming items are seldom observed and the traditional p (or np) charts are not suitable for monitoring the state of the process. A type of chart based on the count of cumulative conforming items has recently been introduced and it is especially useful for automatically collected one-at-a-time data. However, in such a case, it is common that the process characteristics become dependent as items produced one after another are inspected. In this paper, we study the problem of process monitoring when the process is of high quality and measurement values possess a certain serial dependence. The problem of assuming independence is examined and a Markov model for this type of process is studied, upon which suitable control procedures can be developed.     

形而上学与现时代

古典意义上的“形而上学”是指超验的本体论。它在２０世纪遇到了严重挑战,现代化进程及其所蕴含的市场逻辑对经验原则的推崇、逻辑实证主义及其“证实原则”对形而上学的拒斥、科学认知领域出现的纯粹客观性和绝对确定性理想的瓦解、后现代主义对所谓“元叙事”的解构等;而更深刻的危机却在于形而上学本身,即它的提问方式的知识论性质,使“在”沦为“在者”。形而上学作为人的本然的存在方式,只能被暂时遮蔽而不可能被彻底抛弃。拯救形而上学的真正希望在于清算形而上学的提问方式,海德格尔为我们提供了深刻的启示。     

论《物权法》上车位制度的适用——从法解释学的角度

<物权法>第74条填补了我国小区车位制度的空白,但其中的模糊性和漏洞也十分明显,从而使其定分止争的法律功能大打折扣.因此,从法解释学的角度,对现行车位制度进行解释和检讨,并在此基础上讨论我国车位制度的应然状态,具有紧迫的现实意义.在现行的<物权法>框架下,业主对车位应享有"特殊优先权",开发商在车位归属约定中的优越地位应得到合理地规制.我国车位制度的应然状态是,车位由业主共有.     

油水旋流分离器数值模拟优化研究

采用计算流体动力学（CFD）软件中的雷诺应力模型（RSM）对油水分离旋流器内部流场进行了数值模拟,研究发现采出液在进口处的相互流动干扰对油水分离效果有重要影响,据此提出了一种新型结构——带有空间阿基米德螺旋线进口流道和导流螺旋的油水旋流分离器。进一步的优化设计和性能试验表明：空间阿基米德螺旋线进口流道和导流螺旋实现了平滑过渡,从而得到较稳定的流场和较高的分离效率。