海派作家笔下的肺结核病人

从西方浪漫派开始,肺结核病被想象成一种爱情病。肺结核病人往往被描写成浪漫、温情、执着、优雅、多愁、善感,大部分是具有艺术修养的人。浪漫的肺结核疾病意象,多表现在女性人物身上,而男性患者则被描绘成暴躁、肮脏和可怜的。关于女病人海派作家延续了林黛玉病态美的传统审美旨趣。同时,病人形象是男性知识者无法改变生存处境,无力抢夺心爱的女性的一种阉割焦虑的心理体现。张爱玲塑造了一个异质的女肺结核病人的形象。川常不仅仅是作家弃儿情结的反映,它反映了新女性在独立之后无所依托的孤独感。     

论股份合作制对农村土地流转的现实意义

股份合作制对农村土地流转的现实意义有四个方面:一是有助于完善农民的土地产权制度;二是有助于实现农村经济的产业化;三是有助于农民实现规模经济;四是有助于建立和完善农村的新组织。     

黑车子室韦问题重考──以《会昌一品集》与敦煌藏语文书为据

本文主要利用了《会昌一品集》和敦煌藏语文书中的史料,重新考证了黑车子的族源和早期活动地点等问题。作者反复论证了“黑车子出自室韦”学说的不可信,并得出了黑车子早先活动于蒙古高原以北的结论。     

The nested joint clustering via Dirichlet process mixture model

This article focuses on the clustering problem based on Dirichlet process (DP) mixtures. To model both time invariant and temporal patterns, different from other existing clustering methods, the proposed semi-parametric model is flexible in that both the common and unique patterns are taken into account simultaneously. Furthermore, by jointly clustering subjects and the associated variables, the intrinsic complex shared patterns among subjects and among variables are expected to be captured. The number of clusters and cluster assignments are directly inferred with the use of DP. Simulation studies illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. An application to wheal size data is discussed with an aim of identifying novel temporal patterns among allergens within subject clusters.     

中国货币当局资产负债表结构与货币政策调控方式转变

货币当局资产负债表是分析央行行为与货币政策执行情况的一个重要报表。我国货币当局资产负债表科目随着经济金融结构的演变经历了多次调整,本文梳理了我国货币当局资产负债表结构及其演变过程,重新编制1999-2018年的年度可比货币当局资产负债表,通过解析各科目余额及其结构的动态变化特征,揭示统计数据背后的经济逻辑与政策实践、以及重要资产负债科目间的勾稽关系。研究发现：外汇占款和对其他存款性公司的债权是我国货币当局投放基础货币的主要渠道。过去20年中,两种渠道此消彼长反映出我国基础货币投放方式和货币政策调控方式的两次重要转变与创新。在外汇占款大幅增长时期,货币当局曾通过频繁提高法定存款准备金率和发行央行票据回笼过剩流动性。随着国际收支顺差收窄和国内经济由高速增长向高质量发展转变,公开市场操作和创新型再贷款工具将成为货币当局主动投放基础货币的重要渠道。     

Resolving Rabin’s paradox

We present a theoretical model of Rabin’s famous calibration paradox that resolves confusions in the literature and that makes it possible to identify the causes of the paradox. Using suitable experimental stimuli, we show that the paradox truly violates expected utility and that it is caused by reference dependence. Rabin already showed that utility curvature alone cannot explain his paradox. We, more strongly, do not find any contribution of utility curvature to the explanation of the paradox. We find no contribution of probability weighting either. We conclude that Rabin’s paradox underscores the importance of reference dependence.

     

禁锢中的变迁:民国时期新疆妇女地位变迁

在很长的历史时期内,受地区经济文化发展水平及民族宗教的影响,新疆妇女社会地位低下,表现出"禁锢"的特征。民国时期,新疆在地缘政治中的重要地位日益凸显,各方势力在此角逐。他们治理新疆期间,多引入西方新思想、新观念进行一系列政治经济、文化教育和社会改革,新疆妇女的社会地位由此发生了重要变化。女子教育的兴起促使先进女性走出家庭的禁锢,进入学校学习知识,接受新思想的洗礼。妇女协会成立后,开始组织妇女参与社会活动,特别是抗日战争兴起后,协会广泛发起抗日教育宣传和募捐,使许多家庭妇女建立起"国家"的概念,主动承担起"国民"的责任与义务。     

Determining species specific nightly bat activity in sites with varying urban intensity

Time of peak bat activity during the night differs among bat species due to temperature, prey availability, habitat availability, and/or interactions between species. Habitat availability is altered in urban areas, which may affect insect prey availability and interspecies interactions. Our objectives were to use mobile acoustic monitoring to determine when bat species were active in a single night in urban and nonurban sites and if nightly bat activity patterns differed in urban versus nonurban sites. Bat echolocation call sequences were recorded using Anabat acoustic detectors while driving transects through the night at five sites (three “urban” and two “nonurban”) located in the Piedmont region of north-central North Carolina from May through August 2016. Transects were driven three times per night starting 45 min, 180 min, and 300 min after sunset. Recorded echolocation call sequences were analyzed manually using AnalookW and automatically using Bat Call Identification and Echoclass software. Total bat activity was not different between urban and nonurban sites. However, total bat activity was lower later in the night in urban sites, but stayed the same in nonurban sites. Species specifically, there were more Eptesicus fuscus, Lasionycteris noctivagans, and Tadarida brasiliensis call sequences and fewer Lasiurus borealis, Nycticeius humeralis, and Perimyotis subflavus call sequences in urban sites than nonurban sites. There were also fewer E. fuscus, L. noctivagans, and N. humeralis call sequences later in the night in both urban and nonurban sites. Only Lasiurus borealis activity in urban sites later in the night reduced and L. borealis activity in nonurban sites remained at the same. These results suggest that bats in urban areas partition time differently, which is important to consider for urban conservation efforts and planning.     

简论《物权法》对我国社会和经济发展的作用

《物权法》是确认和保护多种所有制经济,充分发挥公有制优越性的重要措施。从《物权法》的基本原则、显著特点、主要内涵、政策导向等方面进行论述和分析,供政府、企业等相关人士研究参考。     

清代广州十三行在中西交流中的历史地位

清代广州十三行是政府特许的外贸垄断组织。在广州一口通商时期,十三行成为中国走向世界的桥梁,世界透视中国的主要窗口,在中西交流中起着十分重要的作用。