儒佛道交融的朱熹天理论

朱熹的天理论包括理本论、理本源论和理一分殊说等俱是其立足儒门,融会儒释道三教的产物:朱熹的理本论直承程颐,同时也汲取了佛道的本体论智慧;朱熹"理→气→万物"的宇宙论得益于<易传>、道家特别是程颐的本源论的启示;朱熹的"理一分殊"借鉴了华严学的一多关系论,继承和发展了程颐的理一分殊说.     

地域意识行为与小民族发展--以鄂伦春族为例

本文从分析地域意识行为的功能(作用)入手,探讨小民族的地域意识行为与现实小民族发展的关系.重点围绕地域意识行为与小民族的物质、精神资源,地域意识行为与小民族的自我认同,传统地域意识行为的转型、话语权和文化理解三方面展开论述.     

海南农村土地流转改革的发展策略

本文论述海南农村土地流转改革发展策略的相关问题。     

Foraging in the tropics: relationships among species’ abundances,niche asymmetries and body condition in an urban avian assemblage

Two main theories attempt to explain species coexistence: the neutral theory considers all the species as equivalents so biodiversity is mainly regarded as a function of total available resources (i.e. niche expansion), while the niche theory stresses the relevance of differences in niche use between species (i.e. niche packing). The relative importance of these forces is under discussion and has been largely tested in natural ecosystems. However, few studies have addressed this issue in tropical-urban environments. In this work we studied niche overlap asymmetries among the most common urban resident birds, and the effect of habitat type on this pattern, in a subtropical location of South China (Nanning, Guangxi). We found differences in abundances and niche use among species and urban habitats (parks, streets and orchards). We also recorded strong asymmetries in niche use between species, which we divided into three categories: species with positive asymmetries, which showed highly specific niches and were able to exploit other species’ niches; species with neutral asymmetries, which showed high levels of niche overlap with the rest of species; and species with negative asymmetries, which showed low specificity in their niches and were unable to exploit other species’ niches. These differences in niche use correlated with differences in fat scores. Species from the first group showed higher fat scores than other two groups. Ultimately, niche asymmetries correlated with species’ body condition and mediated their differences in abundance, which supports the view that in this urban context niche theory is more appropriate than neutral theory.     

The last of the Li: ritual texts and shifting ethnicities in Hainan

On Hainan, it is commonly believed that people who identify themselves as Han employ ritual masters (commonly known as daogong 道公) who use texts, while those who view themselves as Li employ the service of geba (no applicable Chinese characters) who do not. This paper argues that the use of Chinese ritual texts implies that the specialist possessing them belongs to a larger religious movement, while those specialists without texts emphasize their own powers as well as those of the masters who instructed them. At the same time, however, my historical and field research indicates that the use of texts has been spreading throughout the Five Finger Mountain region throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, thereby prompting significant changes towards hybrid rituals and the denial of any Li connection. While the ethnic differentiation (minzu shibie 民族識別) campaigns beginning in the 1950s have promoted a sense of ethnic identity, the growing use of written texts indicates that Li ritual practices have been converging with those of the Han.     

Estimation and Prediction in the Presence of Spatial Confounding for Spatial Linear Models

In studies that produce data with spatial structure, it is common that covariates of interest vary spatially in addition to the error. Because of this, the error and covariate are often correlated. When this occurs, it is difficult to distinguish the covariate effect from residual spatial variation. In an i.i.d. normal error setting, it is well known that this type of correlation produces biased coefficient estimates, but predictions remain unbiased. In a spatial setting, recent studies have shown that coefficient estimates remain biased, but spatial prediction has not been addressed. The purpose of this paper is to provide a more detailed study of coefficient estimation from spatial models when covariate and error are correlated and then begin a formal study regarding spatial prediction. This is carried out by investigating properties of the generalized least squares estimator and the best linear unbiased predictor when a spatial random effect and a covariate are jointly modelled. Under this setup, we demonstrate that the mean squared prediction error is possibly reduced when covariate and error are correlated.     

Likelihood ratio test-based chart for monitoring the process variability

This article proposes a new chart with the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) test statistics for monitoring the process variance of a normally distributed process. The new chart can be easily designed and constructed and the computation results show that it provides quite a satisfactory performance, including the detection of the decrease in the variance and the individual observation at the sampling point which are very important in many practical applications. Average run length (ARL) comparisons between other procedures and the new chart are presented. The optimal parameters that can be used as a design aid in selecting specific parameter values based on the ARL are described. The application of our proposed method is illustrated by a real data example from chemical process control.     

Bayesian multiple change-point estimation for exponential distribution with truncated and censored data

This paper considers the multiple change-point estimation for exponential distribution with truncated and censored data by Gibbs sampling. After all the missing data of interest is filled in by some sampling methods such as rejection sampling method, the complete-data likelihood function is obtained. The full conditional distributions of all parameters are discussed. The means of Gibbs samples are taken as Bayesian estimations of the parameters. The implementation steps of Gibbs sampling are introduced in detail. Finally random simulation test is developed, and the results show that Bayesian estimations are fairly accurate.