从认识论到生存论: 走进怀疑论研究的生存论视野

怀疑论作为“一种有教养的意识”,凝聚着众多思想流派及其思想家的智慧。在认识论的视野中,人们从怀疑论在人类认识及科学发展中的积极作用和产生根源两方面为怀疑论存在的合理性作了充分的论证,但是人类的日常生活、科学存在及科学成功发展的事实与理性逻辑的同一性却在实际上坚定地消解了怀疑论存在的一切合理性,从而使在认识论视野中为怀疑论存在的合理性所作的一切努力成为徒劳。而怀疑论存在的事实本身及其对人类社会发展的巨大影响却昭示着怀疑论存在的合理性,这就迫使我们为怀疑论存在的合理性的辩护必须超越认识论的视野,以人之存在及古代希腊怀疑论的生存论本质为基础,实现向怀疑论研究的生存论视野转换。     

传统藏戏的审美张力分析

传统藏戏将教化性和审美性融合统一,形成了具有无限延展的审美空间,被藏民族一代代接受和传承。传统藏戏的多种元素彼此之间相互对抗、冲突和矛盾,形成具有张力的审美空间和强大的审美冲击力,使接受者产生共鸣,在艺术的审美中获得精神的洗礼。在传统藏戏中,主客体巨大反差产生崇高美,体现出藏民不屈的超越精神,以及克服和战胜恐惧后的心灵慰藉和平静;传统藏戏采用佛教逻辑叙述故事,集中体现藏民的人生姿态和精神信仰以及对于真善美的认知和追求,凸显世俗的人性美;藏戏以美的艺术形式和程序化的艺术表演再现普通大众的味与情,形成独具特色的审美情感和审美趣味,最终达到宗教教化的目的;藏戏中戏师的理性讲述与演员的感性表演形成对照,让受众游走于理性与感性之间,对于人物与情节有了更加深刻的感性认知和理性反思;藏戏重复与回环的情节设置使故事情节发展更曲折,人物形象更丰满,主题思想更鲜明,形成了复调之美。     

Australia’s national urban policy: The smart cities agenda in perspective

The Australian Government's attempts at national urban policy have been sporadic and inconsistent, under the constraints of constitutional, financial, ideological and political factors. This paper concerns the recent resurgence of national urban policy under the rubric of “smart cities” adopted by the Turnbull Government and carried on by the incumbent Morrison Government. It investigates how this round of smart cities agenda articulates with Australia's political tradition of national urban policy to seek continuity and change, through comparing historical policies, unpacking major smart cities programmes, identifying explanatory factors and critically commenting on its innovation and legacy. Drawing upon these analyses, this paper argues that understanding the smart cities agenda needs to move beyond the political, ideological “to-and-fro” pendulum to national urban policy observed in history. Rather, it resonates with a globalised policy norm established upon the city-based global integration and competition, driven by an imperative of transitioning to a knowledge economy and pursuing innovation capacity. It is too early to judge whether the smart cities agenda will bring changes to Australian cities in the way it wishes, since it involves long-term infrastructure investment and urban development projects. However, a comprehensive and consistent national urban policy to govern the Australian system of cities and towns has not been established yet.     

银行关系型业务经济学解释及其启示

与银行交易型业务以及资本市场的直接融资相区别,银行关系型业务与客户有着特殊、密切的关系。本文立足于现代金融中介理论对银行关系型业务展开分析,并在此基础上提出对我国商业银行业务经营管理的指导建议。     

官督商办企业:由传统向近代企业制度演进的过渡性组织形态

从19世纪70年代起,官督商办企业在近代中国活跃了30余年。然而,这种组织形式并没有作为独立的组织制度存在,而是近代工业企业由传统的手工作坊向现代的股份制公司制度发育的过程,是一种过渡型“准企业”组织形式。本文试图从官督商办企业创建的起因、运行方式及发展结果三个方面来阐述和解答这个问题。     

Cox regression of clustered event times with covariates missing not at random

Motivated by a recent tuberculosis (TB) study, this paper is concerned with covariates missing not at random (MNAR) and models the potential intracluster correlation by a frailty. We consider the regression analysis of right‐censored event times from clustered subjects under a Cox proportional hazards frailty model and present the semiparametric maximum likelihood estimator (SPMLE) of the model parameters. An easy‐to‐implement pseudo‐SPMLE is then proposed to accommodate more realistic situations using readily available supplementary information on the missing covariates. Algorithms are provided to compute the estimators and their consistent variance estimators. We demonstrate that both the SPMLE and the pseudo‐SPMLE are consistent and asymptotically normal by the arguments based on the theory of modern empirical processes. The proposed approach is examined numerically via simulation and illustrated with an analysis of the motivating TB study data.     

Conditional design of the EWMA median chart with estimated parameters

The exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart is often designed assuming the process parameters are known. In practice, the parameters are rarely known and need to be estimated from Phase I samples. Different Phase I samples are used when practitioners construct their own control chart's limits, which leads to the “Phase I between-practitioners” variability in the in-control average run length (ARL) of control charts. The standard deviation of the ARL (SDARL) is a good alternative to quantify this variability in control charts. Based on the SDARL metric, the performance of the EWMA median chart with estimated parameters is investigated in this paper. Some recommendations are given based on the SDARL metric. The results show that the EWMA median chart requires a much larger amount of Phase I data in order to reduce the variation in the in-control ARL up to a reasonable level. Due to the limitation of the amount of the Phase I data, the suggested EWMA median chart is designed with the bootstrap method which provides a good balance between the in-control and out-of-control ARL values.     

Identity Development in an International Transracial Adoptive Family: A 5-Year Case Study

Our case study focused on the adoptive identity development of two female Chinese adoptees over the course of five years (from when they were 7 and 9 until they were 12 and 14 years old, respectively). The study investigated the adoptive parent’s and family identities through six interviews with the adoptive mother, adoptees’ behavioral adjustment reported by the mother, two unstructured observations, and exploration of adoptees’ narratives. The study was guided by a narrative-based framework situated with the cultural socialization approach. Results highlight four central themes: 1) becoming Chinese-Americans; 2) meaning related to adoption is both spoken and unspoken; 3) a we-ness identity, and 4) social-cultural contexts of identity work. Findings demonstrate the incorporation of adoption and the adoptees’ race and culture into the adoptive parent’s and family identities. Findings further illuminate that one’s identity is developed within personal, familial, and social-cultural contexts.     

Sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment and probable Alzheimer’s disease as predicted by hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities

This study examined biological sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development as predicted by changes in the hippocampus or white matter hyperintensities. A secondary data analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set was conducted. We selected samples of participants with normal cognition at baseline who progressed to MCI (n = 483) and those who progressed to probable AD (n = 211) to determine if hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities (WMH) at baseline predicted progression to probable AD or MCI and whether the rate of progression differed between men and women. The survival analyses indicated that changes in hippocampal volumes affected the progression to probable AD (HR = 0.535, 95% CI [0.300–0.953]) only among women. White men had an increased rate of progression to AD (HR = 4.396, CI [1.012–19.08]; HR = 4.665, 95% CI [1.072–20.29]) compared to men in other race and ethnic groups. Among women, increases in hippocampal volume ratio led to decreased rates of progressing to MCI (HR = 0.386, 95% CI [0.166–0.901]). Increased WMH among men led to faster progression to MCI (HR = 1.048. 95% CI [1.011–1.086]). Women and men who were older at baseline were more likely to progress to MCI. In addition, results from longitudinal analyses showed that women with a higher CDR global score, older age at baseline, or more disinhibition symptoms experienced higher odds of MCI development. Changes in hippocampal volumes affect the progression to or odds of probable AD (and MCI) more so among women than men, while changes in WMH affected the progression to MCI only among men.     

异味与佳肴：瘪的话语建构与象征意义

瘪是从牛羊胃或小肠中提取的未完全消化的食物所制成的一种汁液佐料,以之加工的菜肴主要流行于贵州、广西、云南等地部分少数民族中,其食用过程往往带有神圣性与仪式性。但因其来源与“他者”认知中的“卫生”有巨大的差距,长期被视为肮脏、落后、原始的表现,并推于食之的少数民族。然而,20世纪90年代以来,随着民族地区旅游业的开展,大众媒体的广泛传播,在媒介、游客、地方政府以及乡民的大力推介下,瘪逐渐实现了华丽的转身,成为健康、原生态的表征,以及一定地域文化的象征符号。瘪的话语建构,反映了人们追求新奇、包容多元的现代性反叛,借助于瘪,那些曾被视为原始、落后的地域和人们一定意义上实现了身份标签的扭转。