艺术设计专业学生的个性特征及疏导策略研究

艺术设计专业学生是当代跨世纪大学生中的一个群体 ,他们既有当代大学生的各种心理特征 ,同时又具有这一小群体的个性化特征。分析、研究他们的心理特点 ,并有针对性地采取疏导措施 ,对培养高质量跨世纪的艺术设计专业人才具有重要作用。     

Do Interactions Between Environmental Chemicals and the Human Microbiome Need to Be Considered in Risk Assessments?

One of the most dynamic and fruitful areas of current health‐related research concerns the various roles of the human microbiome in disease. Evidence is accumulating that interactions between substances in the environment and the microbiome can affect risks of disease, in both beneficial and adverse ways. Although most of the research has concerned the roles of diet and certain pharmaceutical agents, there is increasing interest in the possible roles of environmental chemicals. Chemical risk assessment has, to date, not included consideration of the influence of the microbiome. We suggest that failure to consider the possible roles of the microbiome could lead to significant error in risk assessment results. Our purpose in this commentary is to summarize some of the evidence supporting our hypothesis and to urge the risk assessment community to begin considering and influencing how results from microbiome‐related research could be incorporated into chemical risk assessments. An additional emphasis in our commentary concerns the distinct possibility that research on chemical–microbiome interactions will also reduce some of the significant uncertainties that accompany current risk assessments. Of particular interest is evidence suggesting that the microbiome has an influence on variability in disease risk across populations and (of particular interest to chemical risk) in animal and human responses to chemical exposure. The possible explanatory power of the microbiome regarding sources of variability could reduce what might be the most significant source of uncertainty in chemical risk assessment.     

Impact of Water Level Rise on Urban Infrastructures: Washington,DC, and Shanghai as Case Studies

The observed global sea level rise owing to climate change, coupled with the potential increase in extreme storms, requires a reexamination of existing infrastructural planning, construction, and management practices. Storm surge shows the effects of rising sea levels. The recent super storms that hit the United States (e.g., Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Sandy in 2012, Harvey and Maria in 2017) and China (e.g., Typhoon Haiyan in 2010) inflicted serious loss of life and property. Water level rise (WLR) of local coastal areas is a combination of sea level rise, storm surge, precipitation, and local land subsidence. Quantitative assessments of the impact of WLR include scenario identification, consequence assessment, vulnerability and flooding assessment, and risk management using inventory of assets from coastal areas, particularly population centers, to manage flooding risk and to enhance infrastructure resilience of coastal cities. This article discusses the impact of WLR on urban infrastructures with case studies of Washington, DC, and Shanghai. Based on the flooding risk analysis under possible scenarios, the property loss for Washington, DC, was evaluated, and the impact on the metro system of Shanghai was examined.     

Myopic Analysis for Multi‐Echelon Inventory Systems with Batch Ordering and Nonstationary/Time‐Correlated Demands

We provide an exact myopic analysis for an N‐stage serial inventory system with batch ordering, linear ordering costs, and nonstationary demands under a finite planning horizon. We characterize the optimality conditions of the myopic nested batching newsvendor (NBN) policy and the myopic independent batching newsvendor (IBN) policy, which is a single‐stage approximation. We show that echelon reorder levels under the NBN policy are upper bounds of the counterparts under both the optimal policy and the IBN policy. In particular, we find that the IBN policy has bounded deviations from the optimal policy. We further extend our results to systems with martingale model of forecast evolution (MMFE) and advance demand information. Moreover, we provide a recursive computing procedure and optimality conditions for both heuristics which dramatically reduces computational complexity. We also find that the NBN problem under the MMFE faced by one stage has one more dimension for the forecast demand than the one faced by its downstream stage and that the NBN policy is optimal for systems with advance demand information and stationary problem data. Numerical studies demonstrate that the IBN policy outperforms on average the NBN policy over all tested instances when their optimality conditions are violated.     

Optimal RSUs deployment with delay bound along highways in VANET

In order to broadcast an alert message from the accident site to the control center as soon as possible, the roadside units (RSUs) act as the critical component in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). It is not possible to make a pervasive RSU deployment due to the huge cost and market requirement. Hence, how to deploy a minimum number of RSUs in a given region becomes a challenge problem. In this paper, we present an analysis for the total delay of broadcasting alert messages in VANETs along highways. Based on the analysis, the relationship between optimal number of RSUs with the highway distance is given. Moreover, the experiment results verifies the delay analysis and the optimization of RSUs deployment.     

Online MapReduce processing on two identical parallel machines

In this work we investigate the online over-list MapReduce processing problem on two identical parallel machines, aiming at minimizing the makespan. Jobs are revealed one by one, and each job consists of one map task and one reduce task. The map task can be arbitrarily split and processed on both machines simultaneously, while the reduce task has to be processed on a single machine and it cannot be started unless the map task has been completed. We first show that the general case of the problem reduces to the classical two machine online scheduling model with an optimal competitive ratio of 3/2. For a special case where the map task is at least as long as the reduce task, we prove that no online algorithm can be less than 4/3-competitive. An optimal Greedy algorithm with a matching competitive ratio is proposed as well.     

“一带一路”倡议与沿线国家贸易畅通--基于2006-2018年中国对外贸易的双重差分检验

"一带一路"倡议是中国积极参与21世纪全球与区域治理的国家级顶层合作倡议,贸易畅通是重点内容。本文以全球110个国家为样本,构建"一带一路"倡议合作的准自然实验,采用2006-2018年各国贸易层面的基础数据,运用渐进双重差分法识别"一带一路"倡议效果,全方位评析"一带一路"倡议在国际贸易畅通方面的促进效应。研究表明:"一带一路"倡议显著提高了中国对外贸易总额、促进了对外贸易畅通,并且这一促进作用主要通过政策便利、设施联通以及文化效应实现。     

Impacts of child development accounts on parenting practices: evidence from a randomised statewide experiment

ABSTRACT

This study examines the impact of Child Development Accounts (CDAs) on parenting practices of mothers with young children in a statewide randomised experiment conducted in the United States. The experiment included 2704 primary caregivers of children born in Oklahoma during 2007: 1358 were randomly assigned to the treatment group and 1346 to the control group. Structural equation modelling suggests that the punitive-parenting score among treatment participants was .12 standard deviations smaller than that among control participants (p < . 05). Findings indicate that CDAs reduce punitive parenting, and may serve as an additional tool for positive parent–child interactions.     

文化自信培育发展探析——基于个体文化心理发展过程

文化自信的培育发展是一个复杂而漫长的过程，按照人类心理发展过程的角度来分析，要经历四个重要的培育发展阶段和三个心理发展过程。四个培育发展阶段是指文化认知、文化情感、文化认同、文化自信；三个心理发展过程是指心理认知过程、情绪情感过程、意志过程。本文试图从人类心理发展过程的角度来分析文化自信培育的心理发展历程，认为文化自信的培育发展需要从个人认知入手，以培养文化情感为重要任务，并从文化认同升华为理性思维，坚定意志，最终实现文化自信。
     

Toward universal,progressive, and lifelong asset building: introduction to the special issue on inclusive child development accounts

ABSTRACT

Child Development Accounts (CDAs) are subsidised savings or investment accounts that enable families to accumulate assets to invest in children’s long-term development. Ideally, CDAs are universal (everyone participates), progressive (greater subsidies for the poor) and lifelong (beginning at birth). This introduction provides a theoretical and policy background of CDAs in the global context, summarises seven papers in this volume and creates a vision for future CDA development.