Stress and dress: investigating the relationship between social anxiety and appearance management among gay and straight men

This research project explores the relationship between social anxiety and appearance management behaviors (AMB), including both routine and non-routine, among gay and straight men and women. Prior research had found links between AMB and stress (Reilly & Rudd, 2002), stress and (perceived) discrimination (Lee, 1997; Savin-Williams, 1994), and sexual orientation and weight (Brand, Rothblum, & Solom, 1992). An argument is made that links stress with AMB using the foundation of Social Comparison Theory (Festinger, 1954) as a guide. Research questions investigated were: (1) Is there a correlation between stress and AMB; (2) Is there a significant difference between body mass indices of men and women of differing sexual orientations; (3) How do AMB differ between those with gay and straight orientations; and (4) How do AMB differ between men and women? Using a survey design, a questionnaire was posted on the Internet. Measures included the Rudd/Lennon Appearance Management Scale of Routine and Risky Behaviors and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A total of 365 usable forms were completed. Results show that social anxiety is positively correlated with non-routine AMB, or behaviors that carry some risk. Gay and straight participants differed on the routine AMB they practiced. Men and women differed on the non-routine or risky AMB they practiced or would consider practicing. Implications are discussed and further research is suggested.     

Older women's fears of violence: the need for interventions that enable active ageing

Women's fear of violence can impact negatively on their active participation in life. An ageing survey conducted with 2,620 Australian respondents aged 50 to 90 years examined aspects of work, learning, social, spiritual and emotional status, health, vision, home, life events, demographics, and asked an open-ended question about what being actively engaged in life meant. Ordinal regression was carried out on two dependent variables: wanting and needing to learn to discourage violence. Analyses found that as women's age increased, those on lower incomes were more likely than others to say they needed to learn how to discourage violence against them. This paper investigates the variables associated with the findings-transport, finances, news media, home safety, and reduced social interactions. Results highlight the importance of understanding women's fear in the context of personal and social issues, and the need to provide learning opportunities to improve safety and social engagement.     

Gender differences in predictors of late-life health insurance knowledge

For many older adults having access to affordable health care is a major concern. The present study's goal was to examine what factors were related to individuals' knowledge of late-life health insurance. A total of 131 women and 116 men (all aged 55-71) answered questions about private, Medicare, Medigap, and long-term care insurances. In addition, they answered demographic, personality, and health status questions. Results revealed that different factors are related to men's and women's knowledge of late-life health insurance options implying genderspecific educational interventions would be more effective than current educational interventions.     

全球化与亚洲妇女的有酬劳动

１．引言近些年来,没有别的哪个概念像“全球化”这样引起如此之多的议论和争论。以此为关键词在网上一找,一下就找到了上千的论文和专著。全球化什么时候开始的？已经到了什么程度？全球化的世界将会是什么模样？它有没有使得国家过时,或是使之削弱？或者,如某些人申论的那样,它竟然反而在某些方面使国家得以加强？全球化是个经济的、政治的、文化的、社会的过程,抑或是无所不包？它对市民社会有什么影响？有些论者坚持说,全球化无非现代化进程或者资本主义发展的继续,另一些学者则宣称它是一种新现象。有些人认为全球化无可抗拒,另外一些…     

论当代新疆各民族文化转型及表现

当代新疆各民族文化的转型进程 ,是在改革开放进程的直接推动下发生的一种必然的和现实的过程。本世纪 2 0年代 ,美国学者皮萨尔提出文化具有显示文化和隐示文化这两个层次。所谓显示文化是指明显的表层的文化 ,即文化中使人能够耳闻目睹的 ,甚至可以看得见、摸得着 ,具有明确的形态和模式的层次。隐示文化则是一个与显示文化相对的概念 ,指的是文化中隐蔽的、深层的观念和模式。新疆各民族文化转型既表现在显示文化 ,即看得见、摸得着的那一层次上的变迁进程中 ,也表现在比较内在的、隐蔽的、深层的观念和模式 ,即所谓的隐示文化层次的变迁…     

人口流动对基督教全球传播的影响

基督教流动人口是基督教在全球传播过程中的关键因素。在基督教存在的前五个世纪,广泛的人口流动将基督教变成了全球化的信仰。广泛的人口流动在其它主要的世界宗教在世界各地的传播过程中也发挥了重要作用,但是,就基督教来说,流动可能是这种信仰固有的因素。基督教超越罗马帝国成为全球性信仰是个非常复杂的过程,包含许多不同类型的人口流动。跨国界的领袖们、俘虏、难民和流浪者、商人是人口流动的四种主要类型。虽然,东部教会传教的成功是短暂的,但是东部教会在第一个千年形成的移民传教模式无疑为21世纪的基督教提供了典范。基督教在过去的两三个世纪里再次全球化,基督信仰作为新的中心在非洲、拉丁美洲和亚洲的某些地区出现,表明"人口流动"在基督教全球传播过程中的作用比以前更加明显。当代基督教的全球化与早期基督教的全球化在发展道路上有很大不同,但有一点是不变的,即基督教的全球化仍将主要依靠流动者的行动和决策。     

新时期的高校民族团结教育及其路径选择

在当前国际国内形势巨变的新时期,我国高校开展和加强民族团结教育显得尤为迫切和重要,高校民族团结教育的路径选择问题值得深入探讨.本文首先对有关民族团结教育问题的研究进行了简单回顾,然后指明了在高校进行民族团结教育的重大意义,接着从制度、物质、思想三个方面就开展和加强民族团结教育的相关保障问题进行探讨,最后从课堂教育、活动教育、实践教育、其他途径等四个方面就民族团结教育的方式方法提出了相关建议.