Risk management in a developing country context: improving decisions about point-of-use water treatment among the rural poor in Africa

More than 1 billion people, the vast majority of which live in the developing world, lack basic access to clean water for domestic use. For this reason, finding and promoting effective and sustainable solutions for the provision of reliable clean water in developing nations has become a focus of several public health and international development efforts. Even though several means of providing centrally located sources of clean water in developing communities exist, the severity and widespread nature of the water problem has led most development agencies and sanitation experts to strongly advocate the use of point-of-use treatment systems alongside whatever source of water people regularly use. In doing so, however, development practitioners have been careful to point out that any interventions or infrastructure regarding water safety and human health must also adhere to one of the central principles of international development: to facilitate more democratic and participatory models of decision making and governance. To this end, the research reported here focused on the development of a deliberative risk management framework for involving affected stakeholders in decisions about POU water treatment systems. This research, which was grounded in previous studies of structured decision making, took place in two rural villages in the East African nation of Tanzania.     

实际汇率错位、汇率波动性及其对制造业出口贸易影响的实证分析:1978～1998年平行数据研究

本文利用制造业SITC3位数代码商品1978~1998年对不同国家出口的平行数据,采用似不相关估计方法对我国出口商品需求方程系统进行了估计。分析强调实际汇率风险、实际汇率错位对不同商品出口量的影响,其中汇率风险的回归系数随商品不同、国家不同而有所不同,汇率错位则在大多数分析中表现为对出口具有不利影响。由于伴随着人民币汇率水平与(或)汇率制度的变动,人民币汇率的错位水平与(或)波动性也将发生相应的变动,因此,本文对此变动的净影响进行了模拟,结果表明不同商品对不同国家的出口数量将受到不同的影响。     

第十二次全国民族语文翻译学术研讨会在哈尔滨举行

由国家民委文化宣传司、中国民族语文翻译局、中国译协民族语文翻译委员会主办,黑龙江省民族事务委员会具体承办的"第十二次全国民族语文翻译学术研讨会"于     

Was there compression of disability for older Americans from 1992 to 2003?

Medical advances and the growth of the elderly population have focused interest on trends in the health of the elderly. Three theories have been advanced to describe these trends: compression of morbidity, expansion of morbidity, and dynamic equilibrium. We applied multistate life table methods to the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey to estimate active and disabled life expectancy from 1992 to 2003, defining disability as having difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living or activities of daily living. We found increases in active life expectancy past age 65 and decreases in life expectancy with severe disability. These trends are consistent with elements of both the theory of compression of morbidity and the theory of dynamic equilibrium.     

Using age and spatial flow structures in the indirect estimation of migration streams

This article outlines a formal model-based approach for inferring interregional age-specific migration streams in settings where such data are incomplete, inadequate, or unavailable. The estimation approach relies heavily on log-linear models, using them to impose some of the regularities exhibited by past age and spatial structures or to combine and borrow information drawn from other sources. The approach is illustrated using data from the 1990 and 2000 U.S. and Mexico censuses.     

Race,military service,and marital timing: Evidence from the NLSY-79

I use data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Study of Youth to examine the relationship between military service and marital timing for white men and black men during the 1980s. I use information about active-duty and reserve-duty service as well as veteran status to implement strong controls for selectivity. I find that active-duty military service increases the probability of first marriage for both whites and blacks. In part, this relationship is due to positive selectivity into the military and, for whites, to greater income and economic stability. Above and beyond the effects of selectivity, income, and economic stability, the effect of active-duty military service is particularly strong for black men.     

Older women's fears of violence: the need for interventions that enable active ageing

Women's fear of violence can impact negatively on their active participation in life. An ageing survey conducted with 2,620 Australian respondents aged 50 to 90 years examined aspects of work, learning, social, spiritual and emotional status, health, vision, home, life events, demographics, and asked an open-ended question about what being actively engaged in life meant. Ordinal regression was carried out on two dependent variables: wanting and needing to learn to discourage violence. Analyses found that as women's age increased, those on lower incomes were more likely than others to say they needed to learn how to discourage violence against them. This paper investigates the variables associated with the findings-transport, finances, news media, home safety, and reduced social interactions. Results highlight the importance of understanding women's fear in the context of personal and social issues, and the need to provide learning opportunities to improve safety and social engagement.     

全球化与亚洲妇女的有酬劳动

１．引言近些年来,没有别的哪个概念像“全球化”这样引起如此之多的议论和争论。以此为关键词在网上一找,一下就找到了上千的论文和专著。全球化什么时候开始的？已经到了什么程度？全球化的世界将会是什么模样？它有没有使得国家过时,或是使之削弱？或者,如某些人申论的那样,它竟然反而在某些方面使国家得以加强？全球化是个经济的、政治的、文化的、社会的过程,抑或是无所不包？它对市民社会有什么影响？有些论者坚持说,全球化无非现代化进程或者资本主义发展的继续,另一些学者则宣称它是一种新现象。有些人认为全球化无可抗拒,另外一些…     

论当代新疆各民族文化转型及表现

当代新疆各民族文化的转型进程 ,是在改革开放进程的直接推动下发生的一种必然的和现实的过程。本世纪 2 0年代 ,美国学者皮萨尔提出文化具有显示文化和隐示文化这两个层次。所谓显示文化是指明显的表层的文化 ,即文化中使人能够耳闻目睹的 ,甚至可以看得见、摸得着 ,具有明确的形态和模式的层次。隐示文化则是一个与显示文化相对的概念 ,指的是文化中隐蔽的、深层的观念和模式。新疆各民族文化转型既表现在显示文化 ,即看得见、摸得着的那一层次上的变迁进程中 ,也表现在比较内在的、隐蔽的、深层的观念和模式 ,即所谓的隐示文化层次的变迁…