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351.
352.
Maritz JS Jarrett RG 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics》1983,32(2):97-101
"The basis of statistical tests of significance of association between fluoride level in drinking water and cancer death rates is discussed. Reference is made to two reported studies in each of which cancer death rates of a number of [U.S.] cities were used. It is argued that between city variation should be taken into account when performing tests of significance. In one of the two studies this was done informally; in the other between city variation was ignored." 相似文献
353.
Macleod MJ 《Latin American population history newsletter》1983,3(3-4):23-39
A review of the literature concerning the demographic history of colonial Central America is presented. An unannotated bibliography is included. 相似文献
354.
Clark C Watkins SC Wilson C Banks JA Walsh B Bone M Palloni A Alderson M Crook NR 《Population studies》1983,37(1):137-149
355.
Abstract The practice of post-partum abstinence has been a long-standing tradition in many societies of tropical Africa, yet recent research suggests an erosion of the taboo on post-partum sexual relations as a means of fertility control. The current study among women in the lower income groups in Kinshasa, Zaire, provides evidence of this. There is strong motivation toward child-spacing, as shown by 80 per cent of the women who reported to be currently practising some means of fertility control: 73 per cent with traditional methods, only 7 per cent with modern contraceptives. There appears to be some carry-over of traditional practice, in that abstinence is related to the age and nursing status of the last born child. However, the most widely practised method is withdrawal. This suggests a desire on the part of this population for alternatives to abstinence, an issue with important implications for future family planning programs in Zaire. 相似文献
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Deterrence in the workplace: perceived certainty, perceived severity, and employee theft 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Hollinger RC Clark JP 《Social forces; a scientific medium of social study and interpretation》1983,62(2):398-418
The phenomenon of employee theft is examined empirically, utilizing a deterrence paradigm. Employees selected randomly from three different industry sectors and metropolitan areas were asked to self-report their involvement in a number of property theft activities within the employment setting. Using a weighted least-squares logit regression analysis, the study found that the perception of both the certainty and severity of organizational sanctions were related to employee theft. Males reported more theft than did females, but contrary to previous research, no gender/certainty or gender/severity interactions were observed. The best-fit model did, however, contain two significant first-order interactions: age/certainty and age/severity. These interactions strongly suggest that younger employees are not as deterrable as their older peers, especially under conditions of both high certainty and high severity of punishment. While a number of possible explanations might account for differential deterrability according to age, a commitment to or stakes in conformity explanation is proposed. 相似文献
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The social policy of the Thatcher government is characterized by an abrupt shift in the direction of the private sector. To what extent does this reflect what people want? The Institute of Economic Affairs conclude from the only suitable national opinion survey that such a move is strongly supported. Our reanalysis of their data shows that this strand in public opinion can coexist with, and need not contradict, an equal public enthusiasm for state welfare. Such results have important implications for our understanding of social policy. We conclude, therefore, with a discussion of contrasting marxist and liberal accounts which seeks to show that the evidence of ambivalence in popular attitudes about the welfare state supports particular developments in theory. 相似文献