12至13世纪的蒙古人及其政权

地理环境在蒙古高原形成其独特的历史和文明方面非常重要。蒙古高原广阔的山地草原构成世界两大文明区,即中亚绿洲文明区和从多瑙河延伸至中国长城的欧亚草原文明带的一部分。很久以来,蒙古高原就处于世界交通的交叉口。两条大动脉,即伟大的丝绸之路和又叫草原丝绸之路的欧亚草原走廊,将蒙古高原与东西文明中心地区连接起来。游牧文明的出现是对中亚那个特殊地方自然地理挑战的合理回应。     

新世界秩序纲要

新世界秩序问题几乎是和人类文明同时产生的。古代学者就常常提出和探讨这一课题,包括古希腊和中国在内的世界几个主要文明发源地都有这方面的文献记载。理论贡献最大的可算柏拉图和亚里士多德。两位哲学家创立了两种不同的社会政治结构的认识论。柏拉图幻想着一个没有阶级和阶级斗争、人与人关系融洽美满的理想国。亚里士多德的政治见解则是承认社会阶级的存在和由此产生的冲突和紧张,同时认识到人类知识在达到社会和谐     

The text of the Articles of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Their Families which the Working Group Provisionally Agreed during the First Reading

This preamble documents the 91 Articles of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrants and Their Families. This defines and covers the rights of all migrant workers and their families which can be ratified by as many countries as possible. The status and fundamental rights of migrant workers and their families have not been sufficiently recognized everywhere and therefore require appropriate international protection. The 8 parts are: 1) scope and definitions, 2) fundamental human rights of all migrant workers and members of their families, 3) additional rights of migrant workers and members of their families in a regular situation, 4) provisions applicable to particular categories of migrant workers and members of their families, 5) promotion of sound, equitable and humane conditions in connection with lawful international migration of workers and their families, 6) application of the Convention, 7) general provisions, and 8) final provisions.     

The quality and use of regulatory analysis in 2008

This article assesses the quality and apparent use of regulatory analysis for economically significant regulations proposed by federal agencies in 2008. A nine-member research team used a six-point (0-5) scale to evaluate regulatory analyses according to criteria drawn from Executive Order 12866 and Office of Management and Budget Circular A-4. Principal findings include: (1) the average quality of regulatory analysis, though not high, is somewhat better than previous regulatory scorecards have shown; (2) quality varies widely; (3) biggest strengths are accessibility and clarity; (4) biggest weaknesses are analysis of the systemic problem and retrospective analysis; (5) budget or "transfer" regulations usually receive low-quality analysis; (6) a minority of the regulations contain evidence that the agency used the analysis in significant decisions; (7) quality of analysis is positively correlated with the apparent use of the analysis in regulatory decisions; and (8) greater diffusion of best practices could significantly improve the overall quality of regulatory analysis.     

城市可持续发展中的文化指标

本文为第三届“文化与城市可持续发展”国际会议的主题发言。本文介绍了会议背景 ,论述了文化及其与可持续发展的关系 ,都市化进程及其发展方向等问题 ,并着重阐述了本次会议的主题即“城市可持续发展中的文化指标” ,确立了本次会议的总体基调和基本政策     

Defining the health care product to ensure quality and manage costs

The frenzy of health care reform activity now led by the Clinton Administration's American Health Security Act of 1993 might end in the worst of all possible outcomes: a new government entitlement program financed by business and a global budget. Unbridled entitlement could drive utilization of benefits to the maximum and, with a budget cap, guarantee rationing. So far, the administration has talked about expanding access and controlling costs--not about the health care product. Given the threat that change poses for vested interests, time will undoubtedly lapse before final implementation of a new system. Unless physicians involved in health management seize the opportunity during this window of opportunity to help shape the future of health care delivery, the likelihood of preserving the U.S. health care delivery system as we know it will be dim indeed.     

社会科学情报系统的现状与前景

在社会科学发展的现阶段,它们的结论不仅具有一般理论意义,而且还具有越来越重大的实践意义。现在,国民经济管理问题,社会经济规划和预测、文化和教育工作、意识形态斗争诸方面的战略决策问题,都要根据社会科学的成就加以解决。这一情况既决定了社会科学领域情报活动的任务,也决定了这种活动的作用。以苏联科学院社会科学情报研究所为中心的全苏社会科学情报系统执行以下基本     

英国的妇女问题研究

生活在各国和各种条件下的妇女正在继续投入女权主义运动的旋涡,向无论是家庭生活中还是社会范围内的旧的生活方式和思维发出挑战。运动本身没有固定形式:如果70年代在西方它主要是走上街头并采取激励姿态的策略形式,那么,80年代就开始了经由各种机关和学科的漫长道路。今天我的任务在于叙述英国现有的特殊高等教育机构——或者,换句话说,谈谈女权主义在科学上的漫长道路。