Child protection services and parental reactions to children's behaviour

A commonly used expression in child protection is the term 'physical abuse'. This paper consists of a quantitative and qualitative analysis of a 100% sample of 'physical abuse' child protection cases drawn from research in an Australian state child welfare agency, which shows that about 90% of these concerned incidents in which parents used physical punishment to control children. Resulting physical harms to children (where they occurred) were generally of a very minor nature. The paper examines these results in the light of research findings in the UK and Australia on patterns of physical punishment used by parents to control children. Such findings suggest that those child rearing practices that make frequent and systematic use of physical punishment are located largely amongst lower social class parents, who believe that such practices are an essential and normal component of effective parenting behaviour. One interpretation of child protection services in respect of these cases is that they are concerned primarily with the normalization of child rearing practices. The paper concludes with a discussion of the limited impact of the Swedish anti-spanking law of 1979, which appears to have only reduced the use of physical punishment by those parents who may not necessarily have believed in such measures in the first place. However, legislation of this nature has the potential to criminalize a substantial sector of the population, but at least state intervention under the aegis of a specific criminal law provides a clearer mandate than does intervention under much looser, broader and subjectively interpreted child protection legislation.     

1931年的全国航空会议及其影响

在20世纪30年代初期,因国际航空事业的迅猛发展与日本侵华的步步进逼,国内各界人士纷纷要求南京国民政府加强航空建设以挽救祖国危亡。因此,1931年4月20-25日,全国航空会议在南京召开。与会代表为中国航空事业的发展献计献策,提案多达210件,如航空行政统一、航空建设与发展、人才培养、航空工业等重要的提案,为民国时期的航空事业发展绘就了蓝图,亦为南京国民政府实现航空行政的统一提供了机遇,甚至为六年后的全国抗战储备了一定数量的航空人才和奠定了部分空军基础。此次会议在中国现代航空事业发展史上占有十分重要的地位。     

论村治再造与我国和谐村治的构建

村是农村公共治理的基本单元。在构建和谐社会的大背景下,我国的村治发展面临制度性障碍。我国台湾地区将再造理论从企业与政府研究领域引入村治研究领域,为大陆的村治发展提供了诸多启示。村治再造是当今构建和谐村治的合理选择。和谐村治必须通过理念再造、形象再造、村民再造、流程再造、制度再造等路径实现。     

论反倾销对对外直接投资的影响及其启示

反倾销对对外直接投资的影响是一个在国际学术界逐渐引起关注的问题.本文首先建立了一个反倾销对对外直接投资影响的微观模型,并以美国提起的反倾销为例,对反倾销在对外直接投资过程中的影响进行了实证分析,最后从启示的角度对我国实施的反倾销行为所引发的反倾销跳脱对外直接投资问题提出了政策建议.     

试论书法艺术的美学特征

汉字是对自然美和社会生活美的一种艺术再现。书法之所以成为艺术,不仅在于其点画美、结体美、章法美,更为重要的是在这种形式美中蕴含着丰富的精神内涵,追求书法创作的意蕴美,必须在丰富的审美意象和抒情达性中得以升华。同时,书法艺术的审美教育也是高等教育的重要组成部分,对于大学生基本素质的培养,理想人格的塑造及人文理想的弘扬,将起到极其重要的作用。     

"SARS歇斯底里"个案分析

从最初报告SARS开始 ,世界卫生组织就对人们的出游发出了警告 ,报纸也每天报道有关这一不断蔓延的流行病的详细信息。对于这种歇斯底里 ,曾有人提出了不同的看法 :4月 30日的《洛杉矶时报》刊登了著名病毒学家D .巴尔的摩的文章 ,文章公开反对媒体为恐惧流行病推波助澜 ,认为 ,别的不说 ,这种恐惧至少使得整个北美的中国城变得空空荡荡。从某种意义上说 ,巴尔的摩是正确的。人类丧失生命的悲剧从来就很惨烈 ,因此单凭SARS的死亡率尚不足以解释人们对它的关注。从2 0 0 2年 1 2月到 2 0 0 3年 4月 ,刚果的一个边远地区爆发了流行病埃博拉…     

Religion, Meaning, and Prejudice

Links between religion and prejudice have been interpreted to suggest that religion can both reduce and exacerbate prejudice. Here, the analysis of religion as a meaning system illuminates how religion can affect intergroup attitudes. Traditional psychological perspectives on religion and prejudice are summarized, followed by a discussion of religion and prejudice in cross-cultural and cross-religious contexts, involving varying target groups. Next, we explore possible explanatory mechanisms by proposing how four levels of meaning associated with religion—cognitive, motivational, societal, and intergroup—may both promote and attenuate prejudice. Finally, additional factors that might facilitate the paradoxical coexistence of religious egalitarian intentions with prejudiced attitudes are considered, and we speculate about the potential for religious groups to reduce prejudice within their adherents.     

灾后的心理社会需求

个人对于各种紧急情况的反应源自两个方面 :一是个人的因素 ,这与其家庭内部的互动有关 ,即家庭对灾害的准备 ;二是民族或文化因素 ,它们决定着个人所在的社区对灾害的准备。灾害的心理社会方面 :灾前个人因素个人心理决定着他对于危机和灾害的反应。家庭中决定个人心理社会行为的因素有 :家族精神病史 ;幼年期的精神创伤和行为异常 ;贫困 ;神经过敏、内向性格、特殊的恐惧 ;生活压力 ;身为女性。灾害的心理社会方面 :灾前民族或文化因素与个人生活的社区和地区背景有关的民族和文化因素决定着个人对灾害的准备。此类因素包括 :应对问题的仪…     

浓墨重彩绘百强——蓬勃发展的大连老虎屯经济开发区

在大连,有一座悄然崛起的小城镇,它就是大连市外向型经济强镇、辽宁省综合实力百强镇、辽宁省文明镇--大连老虎屯经济开发区.