Capacity in the NGO Sector: Results from a National Survey in Cambodia

Capacity has become a prominent theme in the literature on nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the last few decades, due in part to the increasingly global role these organizations play in development. We analyze data obtained from a national sample of local and international NGOs operating in Cambodia, documenting capacity differences between these two groups as well as highlighting overall levels of capacity in the sector. The analysis covers a number of different organizational dimensions that have been associated with capacity, including structural characteristics and concrete management practices. Results suggest that international NGOs generally have greater capacity, but overall levels of capacity are relatively low for a variety of measures. We conclude with an exploratory cluster analysis that identifies four distinctive groups of NGOs based on capacity, providing additional insights into diversity within the sector. These findings will be useful for comparative NGO research and for capacity-building programs, in addition to helping establish an agenda for future research to monitor progress.     

王茂荫纸币思想新论

作为咸丰货币改革中的重要一员,王茂荫的货币思想一直为国内外学界所关注。中国学界长期认为他是一位反对名目论传统的理论金属论者,但实际却不然。王茂荫货币思想的核心理念是以实运虚,主要体现在两个方面:实际运作中政府需要一定比率的商品货币储备支持纸币;根据预定的货币法则,纸币和商品货币在一定比率下同时流通。他提倡保持商品储备以坚定纸币持有者对纸币的信心,主张权力机构制定纸币的价值,并需要持币者的信任去支持。而货币信用理论认为虽然货币的价值由货币发行机构(通常是政府)所制定,但需要获得持币者的信任才能成功。实用金属论认为在某一历史情况下,纸币的发行需要商品储备的支持。这些恰恰表明了王茂荫是持货币信用理论的实用金属论者。在未受到西方影响的中国货币思想传统中,王茂荫是最富于创见的一位思想者。他提倡的将公共货币和私票相结合的规则如被采纳和认真执行,将会使咸丰货币改革在更大程度上获得成功,很可能会改写历史进程。     

SOCIAL WORLDS OF STRIPPING: The Processual Orders of Exotic Dance

Is stripping exploitation? This ideological question often plagues exotic dance research, with diverse and often contradictory findings across the literature. Existent research highlights both potentially positive and negative experiences among women involved in exotic dance. In this article, we focus on the social organization of strip clubs and how this organization contextualizes the experiences and commitments of dancers. We present ethnographic data collected by the first author, including extensive field observations of 49 strip clubs, formal interviews from 50 dancers and ex‐dancers at various career stages, and informal interviews with dozens of other dancers. We present a typology of strip clubs—hustle clubs, social clubs, and show clubs—and describe the processual orders. We also explain how the processual orders of these different types of clubs relate to dancers’ workplace experiences. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for sociological and public understandings of sex work.     

Developing practice in caring for confused elderly people

The problem focused style of training we describe offers a means of helping Managers to be purposeful and successful in establishing developments in caring for residents. The training programme is concerned with the management and organisational context of resident care, as well as the skills of caring. Officers in Homes are actively engaged in the planning, training and development associated with the training programme, in consultation with a Training Co-ordinator, and a Client Group Specialist. We outline the outcomes, structure, content and methods of the programme, paying particular attention to responses to the different circumstances of each Residential Home.     

COMMITMENT, DEVIANCE, AND SOCIAL CONTROL

This article extends earlier work (Ulmer 1994) in applying Johnson's (1991) threefold commitment framework to deviance and social control. The central individual-level theories of deviance (differential association/social learning, opportunity, social control, and labeling) share the generic sociological goal of theorizing continuity in lines of action. This suggests the centrality of the concept of commitment, and in fact the concept is used throughout the study of deviance and social control. The threefold framework provides a superior conceptualization of commitment for the field of deviance. In addition, it integrates insights from the central deviance theories and directs attention to a wide variety of un- and underexplored directions for further research in deviance and social control. In addition, I briefly discuss broader implications of the commitment framework for other areas of inquiry, such as the study of social protest and the sociology of organizations.     

REVISITING STEBBINS:

An understanding of continuity in lines of action is crucial for middle-range theories of deviant careers in general and labeling theory in particular. Following Becker, Goffman, and Robert Stebbins, I propose that the answer lies in a clear and adequate conceptualization of commitment processes. The goal of this paper, accordingly, is to provide such a conceptualization. In pursuing this goal, I discuss Stebbins' approach to labeling and commitment to deviance and contrast it with other treatments of commitment, in particular those of Becker, Goffman, Kanter, and Stryker. Next, I present an alternative conceptualization—a three-fold commitment framework—as a multidimensional and generic approach. After describing the framework, I apply it to labeling and commitment to deviance, with illustrations from interviews with a former member of an outlaw motorcycle club. I conclude with a variety of suggestions for research that stem from the three-fold framework.