西汉中后期刺史越权现象的历史考察

西汉中后期刺史逐渐超越刺史制度设立之初的"诏条"规定,超越权限逐渐成为普遍现象.官吏越权在汉代是一种严重的犯罪行为,称为"矫制";但西汉后期刺史越权并未受到严重的惩罚,其因就是儒学自西汉中期以后逐渐占据了思想统治地位,尤其是<春秋>公羊派的"权变"思想的影响,为刺史越权提供了思想动力和保护.     

由"序"看王勃的文学观

王勃的"序"作代表了他的文学观念.在"序"文中他对文学的发生、价值、风格、功能等问题进行了论述,并进行了创作意识的自我剖析.     

Motherhood Penalties and Living Arrangements in China

Past research on the “motherhood wage penalty” has been based on data from nuclear families, leaving open the possibility that the motherhood wage penalty may be lower or even absent in multigenerational families. In this article, the wage gap between mothers and nonmothers is examined in nuclear and multigenerational families in the context of contemporary China, which has a long tradition of patriarchal families. Using 1993 to 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey data, the magnitude and variation of motherhood penalty is explored with fixed effects models among 1,058 women. The results show that each additional child lowers hourly wages by about 12%. In addition, the motherhood penalty is largest for women living with their husbands' parents, smaller for women not living with parents, and nil for women living with their own parents.     

唐代河东承天军史实寻踪——以五份碑志资料为中心

被传世文献忽略的唐代河东承天军的历史踪迹在几份唐朝碑志中留下痕迹,通过碑志与文献的互证,可以发现河东承天军是在唐朝河朔形势发生巨大变化后组建而成,其兵数消长、军职编制以及战略地位的变化,反映着唐政府与河朔藩镇之间的微妙关系.尤其是前后相差十年的唐<承天军城记>与唐<妒神颂>二碑所保存承天军较为完整的武职题名,介于开元兵制向藩镇兵制过渡的关键时期,对考察唐朝基层兵制的变化轨迹有着相当学术价值,值得学界充分重视.     

属性关系与诊断测验分类影响的探讨

认知诊断模型-DINA模型假定属性之间是相互独立、非补偿的关系,但在实际应用中,属性之间有可能存在补偿关系.文章探讨了在不同的被试总体下,DINA模型在属性之间独立和存在补偿关系时作答数据上的表现,结果表明,当测验中有部分属性间存在补偿关系时,会给DINA模型诊断分布带来较大的影响,在固定其他条件(被试人数、随机因子)条件下,存在和不存在补偿作用所导致的诊断分类率之间有显著差异,且在不同大小补偿作用下,诊断分类率之间的差异显著;随着随机因子的增加,不同大小的补偿因子所导致的诊断分类率之间的差异会变小,补偿因子和随机因子之间存在着显著的交互作用.     

Vine copula constructions of higher-dimensional dependent reliability systems

Copulas have proved to be very successful tools for the flexible modeling of dependence. Bivariate copulas have been deeply researched in recent years, while building higher-dimensional copulas is still recognized to be a difficult task. In this paper, we study the higher-dimensional dependent reliability systems using a type of decomposition called “vine,” by which a multivariate distribution can be decomposed into a cascade of bivariate copulas. Some equations of system reliability for parallel, series, and k-out-of-n systems are obtained and then decomposed based on C-vine and D-vine copulas. Finally, a shutdown system is considered to illustrate the results obtained in the paper.     

A socio-ecological perspective of urban green networks: the Stockholm case

Landscape fragmentation threatens habitats, biodiversity and other ecosystem services. In tackling this threat, the dynamic processes of social-ecological systems should be recognised and understood. Although network analysis based on graph theory has been recognised as an efficient way of spatially understanding landscape or habitat connectivity, only few studies have offered specific approaches or suggestions for integrating detailed social-ecological values into geographical distributions. As a contribution to bridging this gap, this paper introduces a social-ecological network model for the issue of landscape or habitat fragmentation applied to the case of Stockholm, Sweden. Graph theory was used in combination with sociotope and biotope maps for simple visualisation of network situations in two-dimensional maps. The European crested tit (Lophophanes cristatus), European common toad (Bufo bufo) and human beings were selected as indicator species, based on a landscape ecology analysis in Stockholm Municipality in 2009. Slope, land use and human disturbance maps were assessed in order to decide cost values of travelling from node to node. Lease-cost-path accumulation was used to create ideal reference maps of green networks. Three separate maps were then developed for suggesting efficient routes for three indicators in city scale that mainly connect from the Royal National City Park to the other parts of the city. The model in Hjorthagen neighbourhood to highlight two practical paths that link this fragmented community to its neighbouring park areas. Findings make it possible to address two scales of network improvement strategies, namely first for the city-scale green network that connects geographical habitats (nodes) and the regional green wedges of the city, and the second that of neighbourhood links between habitats in detailed layers of green networks. Strategic improvement potentials are presented based on ideal reference maps of green networks correspondingly.     

大学新生心理适应不良的应对策略

总结大学新生心理适应不良的常见问题,分析其产生的原因,进而有针对性地引导学生进行调适,对促进大学生心理健康有着非常重要的意义,也是高校心理健康机构应给予充分重视的工作之一。     

信息技术与东亚国家的教育改革

21世纪信息技术将使世界经济、社会发生彻底变化并给以巨大推动。一场真正的知识革命正在开始。今天的经济、社会和技术变化的步伐已经使东亚的教育体制面临落后的危险,信息经济要求东亚国家提高教育水平、改革教育体制,培养富有创造性的人才。在东亚教育改革中应侧重在职教育。     

艾米莉·狄金森诗歌的语义含糊性

本文论述了艾米莉·狄金森诗歌的语义含糊性的社会生活、思想感情和个人事业方面的基础,继而探讨了由此而迫使她去寻求如何在诗中隐藏、掩饰她的感情和思想,如何把它们包含在她的词汇和句法之中.因此语言成了狄金森思想感情的密码、符号和面具.诗歌语义的含糊性实际上是狄金森一种自觉的策略.正是这种含糊性,读者才得以在广袤的想象空间驰骋.