证券流转税:理论分析与改革建议

我国证券市场流转税的改革必须以促成证券市场的良性运行为根本目的,以引导对整个社会资本的优化配置为最终目标,以尽量不造成政府收入的大幅波动为前提,并以此为依据．对是否应该正名、如何拓宽税基、怎样差别税负、能否单向征收等问题进行梳理。     

琉球亡国与东亚封贡体制功能的丧失

近代以前东亚地区传统的国际秩序框架是以中国为中心的封贡体制,其功能主要体现在政治、经济和文化三个方面。明清时期是封贡体制发展的鼎盛时期,同时也是其功能逐渐丧失、走向崩溃的时期。琉球王国是这一时期封贡体制内的重要成员,随着日本的对外扩张和东亚地区形势的变化,琉球逐渐走向灭亡。琉球的亡国对传统东亚封贡体制产生了重要影响。本文从封贡体制的内部和外部两个方面考察了琉球亡国的原因。     

我国城市化发展的区域差异及协调发展对策

中国城市化发展具有极为显著的区域差异。文章根据多元数据比较系统地阐述了我国城市化发展的省际差异特征,剖析了其形成因素;对我国未来区域城市化的发展趋势及存在的问题进行了前瞻性分析,并有针对性地提出了促进我国区域城市化协调发展的对策与措施。     

考虑脉冲现象的复杂供应链系统及其稳定策略

供应链系统是一个复杂的系统,一方面由于时间延迟、信息不对称及反馈机制等,会产生牛鞭效应,另一方面供应链具有需求突增或骤减的脉冲特点,上述现象都可能导致供应链系统混沌,而现有的供应链模型仅考虑了“牛鞭效应”,并未考虑脉冲现象对供应链系统的影响。文章建立了考虑脉冲现象的供应链模型,分析了脉冲现象对供应链系统的影响,并给出了使供应链系统稳定的策略,讨论了参数扰动对该模型的影响,通过数值算例验证了稳定策略的有效性。研究发现:脉冲现象对供应链系统有着显著影响,但只要选取恰当的脉冲强度和脉冲时间间隔,供应链系统是可以稳定的。     

基于组合赋权法的企业技术创新能力评价

为了应对工业4.0带来的挑战,新兴企业应当重点发展技术创新能力,因此采用综合方法对企业技术创新能力进行评价尤为重要.在复杂的技术创新能力评价中,需要考虑主观和客观两方面因素,文章首先从创新资源投入能力、创新实施能力和创新产出能力三个方面构建了评价指标体系;然后基于评价指标体系的构成,结合主客观赋权法评价的优点,采用组合赋权法对技术创新能力进行评价;最后通过算例说明了组合赋权评价法的有效性.     

Parameterization and inference for nonparametric regression problems

We consider local likelihood or local estimating equations, in which a multivariate function () is estimated but a derived function () of () is of interest. In many applications, when most naturally formulated the derived function is a non-linear function of (). In trying to understand whether the derived non-linear function is constant or linear, a problem arises with this approach: when the function is actually constant or linear, the expectation of the function estimate need not be constant or linear, at least to second order. In such circumstances, the simplest standard methods in nonparametric regression for testing whether a function is constant or linear cannot be applied. We develop a simple general solution which is applicable to nonparametric regression, varying-coefficient models, nonparametric generalized linear models, etc. We show that, in local linear kernel regression, inference about the derived function () is facilitated without a loss of power by reparameterization so that () is itself a component of (). Our approach is in contrast with the standard practice of choosing () for convenience and allowing ()> to be a non-linear function of (). The methods are applied to an important data set in nutritional epidemiology.     

统计在社会科学领域应用的新进展及反思

社会科学的核心问题是解释社会系统的活动,包括社会现象、社会行为和社会过程。一般认为,社会科学主要包括人类学、社会学、心理学、经济学、教育学、管理学等。对现代科学尤其是社会科学而言,研究方法,特别是统计技术上的进步在很大程度上能够起到推动整个学科发展的作用。由于社会科学的研究对象常常是社会、组织和个人的一些特征,这些特征常常过于抽象,不能直接测量,而社会科学所涉及的变量又几乎都是随机变量,这些变量的数据规模也常常很大,因而,社会科学的量化水平相对于自然科学而言常常较低,许多研究常常依赖于概念的定义和逻辑推理…     

煤炭资源开采中的生态环境经济损失及补偿研究

通过对CVM研究结论的比较讨论,认为基于CVM测算出的煤炭资源开采中的生态环境经济损失值偏小.为了全面计算煤炭资源开采中的生态环境经济损失值,提出将CVM与直接市场法和间接市场法联合使用,并计算出2010年榆林市煤炭资源开采的生态环境经济损失为208.4亿～209.11亿元.在此基础上,又对煤炭资源开采中的生态环境损失补偿问题进行研究,提出由煤炭资源开采企业和煤炭资源受益者共同承担煤炭资源开采中生态环境损失补偿的责任,并对各自应该分担的补偿水平进行量化.     

Model averaging for M-estimation

M-estimation is a widely used technique for robust statistical inference. In this paper, we study model selection and model averaging for M-estimation to simultaneously improve the coverage probability of confidence intervals of the parameters of interest and reduce the impact of heavy-tailed errors or outliers in the response. Under general conditions, we develop robust versions of the focused information criterion and a frequentist model average estimator for M-estimation, and we examine their theoretical properties. In addition, we carry out extensive simulation studies as well as two real examples to assess the performance of our new procedure, and find that the proposed method produces satisfactory results.     

Generalized Analysis-of-variance-type Test for the Single-index Quantile Model

In this paper, we are concerned with a test for the index parameter and index function in the single-index model. Based on the estimates obtained by the quantile regression, we extend the generalized analysis-of-variance-type test to the single-index model. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the proposed test and demonstrate that its limiting null distribution follows an asymptotically χ²-distribution. The simulation studies and real data applications are conducted to illustrate the finite sample performance of the proposed methods.