Joint distribution of rises,falls, and number of runs in random sequences

By using the matrix formulation of the two-step approach to the distributions of runs, a recursive relation and an explicit expression are derived for the generating function of the joint distribution of rises and falls for multivariate random sequences in terms of generating functions of individual letters, from which the generating functions of the joint distribution of rises, falls, and number of runs are obtained. An explicit formula for the joint distribution of rises and falls with arbitrary specification is also obtained.     

Sequential Hazards Resilience of Interdependent Infrastructure System: A Case Study of Greater Toronto Area Energy Infrastructure System

Coupled infrastructure systems and complicated multihazards result in a high level of complexity and make it difficult to assess and improve the infrastructure system resilience. With a case study of the Greater Toronto Area energy system (including electric, gas, and oil transmission networks), an approach to analysis of multihazard resilience of an interdependent infrastructure system is presented in the article. Integrating network theory, spatial and numerical analysis methods, the new approach deals with the complicated multihazard relations and complex infrastructure interdependencies as spatiotemporal impacts on infrastructure systems in order to assess the dynamic system resilience. The results confirm that the effects of sequential hazards on resilience of infrastructure (network) are more complicated than the sum of single hazards. The resilience depends on the magnitude of the hazards, their spatiotemporal relationship and dynamic combined impacts, and infrastructure interdependencies. The article presents a comparison between physical and functional resilience of an electric transmission network, and finds functional resilience is always higher than physical resilience. The multiple hazards resilience evaluation approach is applicable to any type of infrastructure and hazard and it can contribute to the improvement of infrastructure planning, design, and maintenance decision making.     

乳品工程专业实践教学体系的探索与创新

乳品工程是实践性很强的应用型专业，为了统筹协调实践教学与理论教学，加快对大学生的培养，促进科研与学科水平，应全面完善其实践教学培养体系。本文着重探讨了乳品工程专业实践教学体系的总体设计、教学内容、教学方法及培养模式等。     

Benford’s Law and Number Selection in Fixed-Odds Numbers Game

In fixed-odds numbers games, the prizes and the odds of winning are known at the time of placement of the wager. Both players and operators are subject to the vagaries of luck in such games. Most game operators limit their liability exposure by imposing a sales limit on the bets received for each bet type, at the risk of losing the rejected bets to the underground operators. This raises a question—how should the game operator set the appropriate sales limit? We argue that the choice of the sales limit is intimately related to the ways players select numbers to bet on in the games. There are ample empirical evidences suggesting that players do not choose all numbers with equal probability, but have a tendency to bet on (small) numbers that are closely related to events around them (e.g., birth dates, addresses, etc.). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to quantify this phenomenon and examine its relation to the classical Benford’s law. We use this connection to develop a choice model, and propose a method to set the appropriate sales limit in these games.     

运用孙子兵法“势”论于成功教育之中

孙子兵法的战略战术和辩证法思想已广泛应用于社会生活的各个领域。借鉴孙子兵法“势”论,探索与成功教育的接轨,从而寻求一条改进学生思想教育工作的新路子。     

毛叶秋海棠离体繁殖技术研究

以毛叶秋海棠的幼叶为外植体接种在附加BA0．5－2．5mg·L-1和NAA0．1mg·L-1的MS培养基上，能诱导产生大量不定芽。采用MS＋BA0．5mp·L-1＋NAA0．1mg·L-1的培养基进行继代培养，每4－6周可扩大增殖10倍左右。将幼芽转入无生长调节剂的MS培养基中，6d即可生根。生根的毛叶秋海棠试管苗移栽成活率可达90％。     

试论会计职能理论史

会计职能是会计基础理论体系研究的一个重要概念,论文对我国会计职能采用二分法,以基本职能与会计职能其他提法为纲,以时间序列为轴进行了系统梳理。我们的研究表明,会计职能随社会经济发展而得到拓展,会计职能是社会经济发展的产物。     

主题投资策略中羊群行为的实证研究

基于shiller兴趣传染模型的羊群成因理论,对主题投资策略中羊群行为产生的可能性进行了分析,并利用中国A股市场2006年以来的四个热点投资主题作为样本,验证了主题投资中存在的羊群效应。初步发现主体投资中的羊群行为在时间上和证券研究机构对投资主题的发布和宣传存在着对应的关系,这种关系更进一步地验证了shiller羊群行为成因理论的结论。     

基因与文化

基因与人性的因果关系建立之后,生命科学在人文/社会科学的领域中大展宏图。人世间的诸多文化现象,都有基因的足迹。本文指出:人和动物的社会行为有着共同的来源——基因,人的基因也与他们的社会行为或文化习俗之间存在着因果关系。基因主导的语言和笑有其文化,基因主导的食和色有其文化,基因主导的味觉、视觉和听觉也都有其文化,连乱伦的回避和禁忌也都是分别由基因和文化共治的。基因与文化有不可分割的关系,是基因创造了文化,也是文化启动了基因。这也是基因与文化的因果关系。