Composite quantile regression for massive datasets

Analysis of massive datasets is challenging owing to limitations of computer primary memory. Composite quantile regression (CQR) is a robust and efficient estimation method. In this paper, we extend CQR to massive datasets and propose a divide-and-conquer CQR method. The basic idea is to split the entire dataset into several blocks, applying the CQR method for data in each block, and finally combining these regression results via weighted average. The proposed approach significantly reduces the required amount of primary memory, and the resulting estimate will be as efficient as if the entire data set is analysed simultaneously. Moreover, to improve the efficiency of CQR, we propose a weighted CQR estimation approach. To achieve sparsity with high-dimensional covariates, we develop a variable selection procedure to select significant parametric components and prove the method possessing the oracle property. Both simulations and data analysis are conducted to illustrate the finite sample performance of the proposed methods.     

Development of predictive signatures for treatment selection in precision medicine with survival outcomes

For survival endpoints in subgroup selection, a score conversion model is often used to convert the set of biomarkers for each patient into a univariate score and using the median of the univariate scores to divide the patients into biomarker‐positive and biomarker‐negative subgroups. However, this may lead to bias in patient subgroup identification regarding the 2 issues: (1) treatment is equally effective for all patients and/or there is no subgroup difference; (2) the median value of the univariate scores as a cutoff may be inappropriate if the sizes of the 2 subgroups are differ substantially. We utilize a univariate composite score method to convert the set of patient's candidate biomarkers to a univariate response score. We propose applying the likelihood ratio test (LRT) to assess homogeneity of the sampled patients to address the first issue. In the context of identification of the subgroup of responders in adaptive design to demonstrate improvement of treatment efficacy (adaptive power), we suggest that subgroup selection is carried out if the LRT is significant. For the second issue, we utilize a likelihood‐based change‐point algorithm to find an optimal cutoff. Our simulation study shows that type I error generally is controlled, while the overall adaptive power to detect treatment effects sacrifices approximately 4.5% for the simulation designs considered by performing the LRT; furthermore, the change‐point algorithm outperforms the median cutoff considerably when the subgroup sizes differ substantially.     

伦理视域下的童蒙经典

童年是道德人格建构的重要时期。中华传统童蒙经典不仅是儿童识字的蒙学读物，它更具有丰富的德性知识，明确具体的道德规范，是儿童伦理教化的经典系列教材。童蒙经典的伦理思想基础主要包括天道观念、家长制度、修齐治平思想、中庸思想、道德义务观、功利与保守主义和男尊女卑思想等。其主要道德范畴包括善与恶、诚与信、礼与让、仁与义等。童蒙经典对儿童化蒙昧以文明，理混沌以清晰，在培养儿童的道德情感和道德意志，形成道德品格方面具有重要的意义。童蒙经典也有其局限性，但经典不盈，随着社会的发展其将不断生长，结出新的经典。     

日本漫画翻译技法初探——以特殊表记为中心

如所周知，特殊表记如今已经成为漫画不可或缺的部分。在创作漫画时加入英文表记和外来语表记能够丰富故事内容，使人物形象更为丰满，同时适当使用这些表记能够使漫画更加贴近年轻受众群体。但是在实际翻译漫画时，这些特殊的表记却极易被漫画的译者所忽视。通过从人物对白、特殊用语以及人名三方面入手，从实用角度结合具体案例探讨了日本漫画中英文表记、外来语表记的处理策略，认为应根据特殊表记出现的位置及作用来具体选择翻译方式，不应一概而论。     

电子商务环境下消费者个人信息保护危机与应对——以新制度经济学为视角

电子商务环境中,经营者常利用其与消费者之间的非均衡博弈关系擅自处理后者的个人信息,这不但侵害了消费者的人格利益,而且阻碍了个人信息资源的高效配置。我国为促使经营者尊重消费者对个人信息的排他性产权,应强制经营者在处理个人信息前履行征得消费者许可等义务,进而改变这种不均衡状态。而立法者为了优化规制效果,宜立足于商业伦理与网络治理等因素构筑的特殊国情并重点借鉴欧盟的成例,凭借作为公共选择的立法活动将前述义务予以明确化。但刚性的法律规范又会不当限制经营者与消费者的决策自由,并阻碍个人信息的有效利用,对此,我国还需要参照美欧做法对经营者义务规则的适用设定例外情形。     

残疾人创业的信任环境重构——基于团队特征的视角

推动残疾人成功创业已成为各国促进残疾人就业率提升的一个有效手段,但创业成功并非易事,残疾人创业所面临的信息沟通不畅、信任环境缺失等问题直接影响创业的成功率。本文通过构建相关变量的有调节效应的回归模型,深入探讨了影响残疾人创业的情景因素,研究结果显示,残疾人创业团队的外部信任环境重构和创业团队自信心的建立对创业成功有显著的正向影响。     

构建舟山群岛新区水资源安全保障体系研究

"新区发展水为先",这是舟山发展一贯经验的科学总结。水资源直接影响着舟山群岛新区建设的速度和质量,关系到人民生活水平的提高,对新区发展具有特殊重要的意义。文章在分析舟山群岛新区水源地环境基本状况的基础上,对水资源供求趋势进行了预测和分析,并从完善有偿使用和取水许可制度、建立水资源统一管理体制,完善增加蓄水资源的引导性政策、健全可持续开发利用的激励配套措施,强化水源与供水工程网络建设、优先开发利用好当地水资源阐释了构建舟山群岛新区水资源安全保障体系的对策。     

新形势下加强反腐倡廉建设的思考

新形势下，加强反腐倡廉建设要从进一步加强理想信念教育入手，构筑反腐倡廉的思想道德防线；要从学习入手，筑牢反腐倡廉的思想基础；要从实践入手，筑牢反腐倡廉的现实基础。