科学、哲学、人文之反思——科学哲学家刘大椿教授访谈

问题是研究的起点,也是学科发展的生长点.对于人文社会科学,问题意识淡漠,脱离时代与社会现实,无异于切断了它们发展的源头,生命力将随之枯竭.为了真正凸显问题意识,必须矫正体系本位意识和功利主宰导向.     

Nonparametric estimation of waiting time distributions in a Markov model based on current status data

We construct nonparametric estimators of state waiting time distribution functions in a Markov multistate model using current status data. This is a particularly difficult problem since neither the entry nor the exit times of a given state are directly observed. These estimators are obtained, using the Markov property, from estimators of counting processes of state entry and exit times, as well as, the size of “at risk” sets of state entry and transitions out of that state. Consistency of our estimators is established. Finite-sample behavior of our estimators is studied by simulation, in which we show that our estimators based on current status data compare well with those based on complete data. We also illustrate our method using a pubertal development data set obtained from the NHANES III [1997. NHANES III Reference Manuals and Reports (CD-ROM). Analytic and Reporting Guidelines: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–94). National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD] study.     

企业家人力资本与我国地区经济增长差异研究——基于跨省面板数据的协整和误差修正模型检验

自1978年改革开放以来,中国经济在保持年均10%左右增速的同时,东部与中西部地区经济发展水平的差异化也日益显现.通过对我国30个省区的面板数据分析,发现企业家人力资本对我国地区经济发展存在显著影响;经济发展水平较高的地区,企业家人力资本在经济中的作用也更为显著.因此,企业家人力资本丰盈程度的提高,将有助于提升欠发达地区经济增长水平,实现跨越式发展.     

中国银行业对接"一带一路"的潜在机遇与风险评估

资金融通是共建"一带一路"的重要支撑,在资金融通过程中,银行业扮演着重要角色,能否实现与"一带一路"的有效对接,不仅关系到整个战略发展的全局,而且也与银行业的整体发展息息相关.文章从"一带一路"的理论依据与现实基础入手,将经典经济学理论引入研究范畴,结合沿线各国的实际情况,全面阐述了"一带一路"倡议的重要性.在此基础上,对我国银行业对接"一带一路"过程中可能遇到的潜在机遇和风险进行了评估,并给出相应的政策建议.     

Can the minimum living standard guarantee scheme enable the poor to escape the poverty trap in rural China?

The rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee (Dibao) Scheme is the most important social assistance programme in rural China. However, how the rural Dibao programme affects household expenditures and whether it can enable the poor to escape the poverty trap are questions that remain largely unexplored. This study used data from the 2012 Rural Household Survey in China to investigate the impact of the rural Dibao programme on household expenditures. We found that the programme significantly improved the well‐being of low‐income households. Particularly, the programme significantly increased household expenditures on housing, education and health; furthermore, the impact was greater for households with educated household heads. However, the programme did not significantly affect household expenditures on food, transportation or farming inputs. The results imply that participation in the rural Dibao programme induces household investment in human capital, which could help to break the inter‐generational transmission of poverty and raise long‐run welfare.     

辣根过氧化物酶活性检测方法研究

通过单因素实验和正交实验研究了辣根过氧化酶(HRP)活性测定条件:缓冲溶液种类、缓冲溶液离子浓度、pH值、温度对其影响.实验结果表明在25℃下,0.1mol/L,pH=7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中反应,辣根过氧化物酶的酶活力达到最大值1.13×107 U/g;确定辣根过氧化物酶活性的最佳检测方法:1mg HRP溶解于1mL 0.1mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=7.0),反应温度为25℃,检测波长为436nm.该方法简单可靠,操作简便,可有效应用于实验室和常规生化检测.     

The role of empathy in training social work students in motivational interviewing

Motivational interviewing (MI), an evidence-based approach with empathy as a key principle, effectively addresses client concerns found in the child welfare population. Training social workers in MI, and to be empathic, would increase the likelihood of better service delivery. Live supervision (LS) is a form of training that provides real-time feedback by clinical supervisors. This randomized comparison trial compared the effectiveness of LS or Teaching as Usual (TAU) on empathy in 54 MSW and BSW social work students. TAU involved students receiving online modules and assigned readings. Data were collected at baseline, after the interventions, and at five months follow-up. Differences in perceived empathy and empathic behaviors were measured by the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity (MITI) and Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ). The study also assessed whether demographic variables or perceived empathy (TEQ) predicted empathic behaviors (MITI). Results indicate that, while both groups improved on empathy as measured by the MITI and TEQ, the LS group demonstrated more improvement. Demographic variables had no impact on empathy. The TEQ and MITI also did not demonstrate predictability suggesting the complexity of measuring empathy. The implications for social work education and future training are discussed.     

Racial/Ethnic Minority Vocational Research Trends: An 11‐Year Update

This study extends Flores et al.'s ( 2006 ) 36‐year analysis of racial/ethnic minority (REM) career research to identify recent trends in choice of topics and leading individual and institutional contributors. The authors identified 166 articles on REM career research published from 2005 to 2015 in the Journal of Vocational Behavior, The Career Development Quarterly, the Journal of Career Assessment, and the Journal of Career Development. Of these studies, 92% were empirical, with more than three quarters of these using quantitative rather than qualitative methodology. Most frequently, the empirical studies (n = 153) were based on samples of high school (30.7%) or undergraduate (34.6%) students. The authors discuss the implications of their findings and suggest ways to expand REM career research in the future.     

WTO透明度原则法律适用研究

WTO的透明度原则作为WTO的基本原则之一,不仅蕴含在多边贸易体制之内,同时也贯穿于WTO各成员的承诺之中。WTO"争端解决机制"和"贸易政策审议机制"是检验透明度义务履行的两套重要机制。尽管入世后的三次WTO贸易政策审议报告对中国贸易政策透明度的改进给予了肯定,但是中国政府在透明度方面仍需改善,潜在的贸易纠纷依然存在。本文从WTO贸易政策评审机构的视角,结合WTO透明度原则理论分析,评析中国贸易政策透明度的改进,力求客观全面地认识这一原则的内涵和中国自身的实践与完善目标。     

美国知识产权密集型产业的特点及对我国的启示——基于美国商务部的官方报告

知识产权(专利、商标、版权)在提高企业竞争力上有着重要的不可替代的战略性作用.由此,与传统的资金密集型产业或劳动密集型产业划分不同,发达国家特别是美国提出了知识产权密集型产业.显然,知识产权密集型产业不仅对一国的竞争力有着关键的影响,而且决定着一国的经济安全.本文以美国商务部发布的《知识产权和美国经济:聚焦产业》为切入点,在对知识产权密集型产业做简要介绍的基础上,分析了我国编制相应报告的紧迫性和可行性.