城市高密度人口分布下的社区建设——以广州荔湾区为例

以广州荔湾区“六普”资料为根据，就人口高密度分布与社区建设的关系进行梳理与探讨。荔湾区“六普”数据显示，城区人口密度过高，成为影响社区生活的主要因素，给居民生命安全、公共生活质量与日常生活便利性带来负面效应。科学化与人性化人口密度干预是治理高密度人口问题的理性策略，如“跳出”社区视野，在城市“一盘棋”中均衡人口布局，在社区建设中，通过社区更新改造，增强人口承载能力，通过建构便利舒适人居环境，提升社区生活质量。     

小微民营企业政治参与研究——以我国中部地区为例

改革开放以来,小微民营企业对我国经济发展做出了重要贡献。不仅如此,它们在技术创新、吸纳就业乃至社会稳定等领域的贡献也是有目共睹。然而,在我国的政治舞台上,却始终看不到小微民营企业的身影。它们一方面希望能够维持企业的生存,另一方面却不得不面对诸多的政策障碍。在遇到上述问题时,由于缺乏参政议政和投诉的渠道,多数小微民营企业只能选择沉默或忍气吞声。而且,长期以来与决策者沟通的缺乏导致它们对政治参与缺乏热情,对决策过程缺乏了解,对政府扶持心存疑虑。针对这些问题,要求政府在行政方面做出改进的同时,小微民营企业也应该改进自己的行为。     

Split Hamiltonian Monte Carlo

We show how the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo algorithm can sometimes be speeded up by “splitting” the Hamiltonian in a way that allows much of the movement around the state space to be done at low computational cost. One context where this is possible is when the log density of the distribution of interest (the potential energy function) can be written as the log of a Gaussian density, which is a quadratic function, plus a slowly-varying function. Hamiltonian dynamics for quadratic energy functions can be analytically solved. With the splitting technique, only the slowly-varying part of the energy needs to be handled numerically, and this can be done with a larger stepsize (and hence fewer steps) than would be necessary with a direct simulation of the dynamics. Another context where splitting helps is when the most important terms of the potential energy function and its gradient can be evaluated quickly, with only a slowly-varying part requiring costly computations. With splitting, the quick portion can be handled with a small stepsize, while the costly portion uses a larger stepsize. We show that both of these splitting approaches can reduce the computational cost of sampling from the posterior distribution for a logistic regression model, using either a Gaussian approximation centered on the posterior mode, or a Hamiltonian split into a term that depends on only a small number of critical cases, and another term that involves the larger number of cases whose influence on the posterior distribution is small.     

女子本科院校特色学科建设研究

特色学科建设是形成高等学校办学特色的关键所在。女子本科院校应坚持"立足地方,服务地方,有所为有所不为,凸显女校特色"的原则,科学规划,不断凝练特色学科方向,加强特色学科队伍建设,注重特色学科科学研究,搭建特色学科平台,通过走"学科、专业、课程建设三结合,培育和发展特色学科"的学科建设之路,卓有成效地推进学校的特色学科建设,从而提升学校的核心竞争力。     

人工智能时代的话语悖论与结构转向

以追求智能、精准为核心的技术认知对突发社会问题的预测失灵,形塑了人工智能时代的话语悖论。此悖论体现出盲目崇尚加速的、闭合化的现代性认知结构的困窘,且揭示了晚近技术反思的谱系化与经验"二分"的双重结构观的局限性,进而使超越悖论的结构转向成为必须面对的命题。因此关键在于以突发社会问题为节点,面向日常生活,实现对"二分"的总体性统合。唯有把握日常生活在突发问题中可能产生的反转契机,合理审视智能化的技术,促使技术的精准思维融入于日常生活之中,方能为加速多变的现代科学创设总体化的良善格局。     

科学家在线科学传播意愿及其影响因素实证研究

科学家作为主要信息源,在科学传播中扮演着不可或缺的角色,而互联网则为科学家参与科学传播提供了更为开放便捷的平台.本研究通过电子邮件向国内"211工程"高校和"双一流"建设高校的科学家发放问卷,深入探索科学家在线科学传播的意愿及其影响因素.研究发现,科学家更倾向于在网上向公众单向传递知识,与公众互动交流意愿较低.其传播态度、主观规范、感知行为控制、感知公平以及感知公众知识缺乏显著影响科学家的在线科学传播意愿,而性别、年龄、职业发展阶段、所属学科、感知网络媒体的影响及感知网络媒体的报道缺陷对科学家在线科学传播意愿影响并不显著.基于上述结论,本文提出了促进科学家在线科学传播的相关建议.     

论忏悔意识演进的三种精神层次

忏悔是人类独有的思考方式,是对无罪之罪的自我发现和道义承担。在道德公识、信仰、良知三种缘由指称下的忏悔实际上完成了有罪个体从"本我"到"自我"再到"超我"的人格飞跃,显示出自我疗救的价值意义。忏悔作为文学创作的主题,在人类社会中发挥着精神向导的作用,方兴未艾的新世纪文学敏锐地抓住了这一可贵品质,显示出文学救济人心的现世功用。     

论艾伦·伍德对资本主义民主的批判

艾伦·伍德基于历史唯物主义对经济和政治的连续性的分析,以民主为切入点,借鉴古雅典经济民主和政治民主相统一的洞见,揭示了资本主义民主的虚假性。伍德的观点既有助于我们认识资本主义民主的本质,也有助于我们从经济民主和政治民主相统一的维度重新思考社会主义民主,建构社会主义民主制度。     

Affiliation networks with an increasing degree sequence

Affiliation network is one kind of two-mode social network with two different sets of nodes (namely, a set of actors and a set of social events) and edges representing the affiliation of the actors with the social events. Although a number of statistical models are proposed to analyze affiliation networks, the asymptotic behaviors of the estimator are still unknown or have not been properly explored. In this article, we study an affiliation model with the degree sequence as the exclusively natural sufficient statistic in the exponential family distributions. We establish the uniform consistency and asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator when the numbers of actors and events both go to infinity. Simulation studies and a real data example demonstrate our theoretical results.     

Fibonacci helps to evacuate from a convex region in a grid network

This study considers an evacuation problem where the evacuees try to escape to the boundary of an affected area, which is convex, and a grid network is embedded in the area. The boundary is unknown to the evacuees and we propose an online evacuation strategy based on the Fibonacci sequence. This strategy is proved to have a competitive ratio of 19.5, which is better than the best previously reported result of 21.