The domination of the national category: A review of some recent studies on (im)migration and nation‐building

Rogers Brubaker, Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany (Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 1992). Pp.270. ISBN 0 674 13177 0

Gérard Noiriel, Le creuset français. Histoire de l'immigration XIXe‐XXe siècles (Paris: Seuil, 1988). Pp.437. ISBN 2 02 010104 7

Gérard Noiriel, La tyrannie du national. Le droit d'asile en Europe 1793–1993 (Paris: Calmann‐Levy, 1991). Pp.355. ISBN 2 7021 1980 8

Leslie Page Moch, Moving Europeans: Migration in Western Europe since 1650 (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1992). Pp.257. ISBN 0253 33859 X     

当面试官问:若完不成任务,你会怎样办?

<正>在职场上,我们完不成任务、发生了问题,只真心地检讨说:"以后不再犯"是远远不够的。"如果完不成公司安排的任务,你会怎么办?"类似问题在面试时出现频率适中,可是一经问出都能决定面试的成败。问这种问题说明:要么面试官对求职者的各项能力还没有把握,要靠这个刁钻     

当面试官问 面试失败了,你怎么办?

面试官的原则是：没有人是十全十美的，只要不断提高自己的意识，同时具备相关的能力，这就是个优秀候选人。     

Administrative into social control: The aliens police and foreign female servants in the Netherlands, 1918-40

This article has made it clear that the social control the Leiden aliens police were able to exert from 1918 onwards, both on aliens and Dutch citizens, was enabled by a combination of increased monitoring as well as the administrative power that went with it. More concretely, it was a logical consequence of the revolution in the migration regime that took place throughout the western world around the time of World War I. This case nuances the quite bleak picture of the attitude of the aliens police towards foreign female servants. Thus, it is argued that servants were not play-things in the hands of the local police, although their legal as well as discretionary powers were considerable. The combination of age, gender and social position made them a special category in the eyes of the police. Because they were young and female the police regarded them, on the one hand, as vulnerable. When this image dominated, policemen showed paternalistic behaviour and sometimes acted as surrogate parents. Their attitude is well captured by the concepts of 'bureaucratic paternalism' and 'caring power'. On the other hand, domestic servants could also be considered as a moral threat. Most of them having come from working-class backgrounds, they easily fitted the image of women of loose moral standing who could endanger the public morale of the Netherlands. This ambivalent image of foreign domestic servants explains the corresponding variation in the treatment of complaints.     

Complexity and inapproximability results for the Power Edge Set problem

We consider the single channel PMU placement problem called the Power Edge Set problem. In this variant of the PMU placement problem, (single channel) PMUs are placed on the edges of an electrical network. Such a PMU measures the current along the edge on which it is placed and the voltage at its two endpoints. The objective is to find the minimum placement of PMUs in the network that ensures its full observability, namely measurement of all the voltages and currents. We prove that PES is NP-hard to approximate within a factor (1.12)-\(\epsilon \), for any \(\epsilon > 0\). On the positive side we prove that PES problem is solvable in polynomial time for trees and grids.     

The Impact of Higher Fixed Pay and Lower Bonuses on Productivity

This study analyzes the effects of performance related pay on productivity exploiting a change in the payment structure of a large Dutch marketing company. Specifically, we investigate the consequences for company sales of higher fixed pay in combination with lower bonuses. Exploiting shift level data of individual workers we find that average productivity decreases when the pay structure shifts more to fixed pay. Further analysis shows that this drop in productivity is larger for older workers and for high-ability employees, while over time the negative effect of the new system becomes smaller.     

Changing Boundaries: Sorting Space,Class, Ethnicity and Race in Ontario*

This essay examines the components of space, class, ethnicity and race. The focus is on the Ontario urban system, including Toronto, Ottawa‐Hull, Hamilton and London. The emphasis is on how social class, ethnicity and race influence spatial residential differentiation. Toronto appears as a “Visible Minority” type. London follows an early British/Loyalist type, Hamilton an industrial blue‐collar type, and Thunder Bay a northwestern fringe. Urban areas in Ontario seem to serve a variety of functions, in line with Innis's conception of a core, semi‐core and fringe. Toronto acts as a magnet for immigrants. London is located in the agricultural base, Hamilton is a supplier of industrial jobs, and Thunder Bay provides staples supporting northern populations. Moreover, ethnicity and race are crucial indicators of boundaries, which must be accounted for in understanding urban communities.     

Is the U.S. unique in the decline of private sector unionism?

The U.S. is not unique in the decline of private sector unionism. Contrary to assertions of the “unique school,” unionism in the private sectors of Canada and Western Europe has also declined and for the same reason, structural changes in the labor market. “It is a capital mistake to theorize before you have all the evidence. It biases the judgment.” Sherlock Holmes. I acknowledge in particular the critique of my colleague, Neil Sheflin. I thank, too, for their useful comments, Larry Adams of the U.S. Department of Labor, Noah Meltz, of the University of Toronto, Alexander Troy, and my colleagues Jack Cullity, Stanley Kaish, and Peter Loeb. I appreciate the research support received from the Research Council, the International Program, and the Dean of the Graduate School — Newark of Rutgers University.