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61.
Matthew Freund Ph.D. Nancy Lee M.S.W. Terri Leonard M.A. 《Journal of sex research》2013,50(4):579-591
This paper describes the sexual behaviors of 101 male clients with female street prostitutes. An earlier study (Freund, Leonard, & Lee, 1989) was limited to sexual behaviors of street prostitutes themselves. Interviews were given by 62% of the clients approached. The clients were mature men (mean = 39.8 years), long‐term residents of Camden, NJ (mean = 19.2 years), and currently or previously married (78/101). Racial composition was similar to the general population of the area, 65% white, 33% black, 2% Asian. Clients reported a mean of 5.3 years of using prostitution, with 81% having been clients of Camden prostitutes for more than a year. Most were regular (or repeat) clients; 93% monthly or more frequently, and 63% weekly or more frequently. About one‐half (55%) reported sex with the same prostitute or same small group of prostitutes. The primary meeting place was the street (78/101) and 43% of the sexual encounters took place in the clients' cars. Ejaculation into the vagina was most frequently reported (43/101), followed by ejaculation into the mouth (39/101) Reports of condom use were substantial; 72% for vaginal and 33% for oral intercourse (mean = 58% of encounters). 相似文献
62.
63.
Llewellyn Leonard 《Social Dynamics》2013,39(2):371-391
Since South Africa’s transition to democracy, civil society has been considered a critical component of new inclusive “democratic” societies, acting to ensure human rights for all. Government and donor agencies require the incorporation of this sector within project documents and programmes. However, is civil society merely a loosely defined term used to satisfy the requirements of project proposals and interests of the state, donors and big business, while not directly addressing the concerns of citizens subjected to macroeconomic risks (e.g. industrial pollution, unemployment and service delivery)? Since the transition, it is mainly established civil society organisations that have become well resourced and who have developed collaborative relationships with the state and industry, which has eroded their accountability to and support from the marginalised communities they claim to serve. Can such organisations then claim to be part of an “authentic” civil society striving for inclusive development? By reviewing contemporary and historical literature on civil society, and through empirical work, this paper argues that there has been a shift in the conception of civil society since the transition, with established forms of support for the grassroots remaining doubtful. Civil society has not effectively engaged with the grassroots to project their concerns about macroeconomic risks, largely due to integration into government/donor institutions. Fragmentation within the grassroots arena has also limited coherent actions against dominant groups. Although civil society can support the grassroots to address their concerns through formal activities, for example, by employing legal strategies, there is no guarantee of success. Connections between an “authentic” civil society and coherent grassroots actions engaging in a combination of strategies (formal and informal) will be required to achieve true democracy. 相似文献
64.
Benita Y. Tam William A. Gough Vicky Edwards Leonard J. S. Tsuji 《Population and environment》2013,35(1):45-67
The influence of seasonal change and weather on mood, social activity, weight, food consumption, and sleep length was compared across urban Aboriginals (n = 43), urban non-Aboriginals (n = 49), and remote Aboriginals (n = 39) in Ontario, Canada. Such research is important since climate change may differentially shape the well-being of social groups. Behavioral items—including mood, social activity, weight, sleep, and food consumption—were measured using the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, and associations between these items and meteorological data were examined with bivariate and multivariate approaches. Weather variables had consistent, significant associations with behavior except within the remote Aboriginal group despite living in a more extreme climate. Lifestyle and adaptation may contribute to an increased weather tolerance among remote Aboriginal people, intriguing findings as cultures grapple with the implications of future climate change. 相似文献
65.
Talk and ‘telling’ have assumed prominent roles in preventing HIV and promoting life with the disease at the start of the
twenty-first century. Our concern in this paper is to show how social structures and circumstances shape the narrative productions
of HIV positive patients whose lives are institutionally managed. We consider what ‘telling’ means when young women with few
economic resources are encouraged or mandated to talk about themselves by case managers, researchers, therapists, welfare
workers, and clinic staff. We organize our analysis around three such ‘autobiographical occasions’: disclosures to intimate
partners prompted by agents of the state; employment opportunities in which women are hired to tell others about living with
HIV as peer educators or outreach health workers; and research interviews. We argue that storylines about living with HIV
have been laid down by powerful social actors whose illness experiences do not reflect those of many poor patients. These
formulations constitute an ‘archive’ which organizes institutional practices and discourses. These matter not only because
they provide patients with a language through which to render their actions meaningful, but because they shape the everyday
experience of HIV outside the clinic, the welfare office, and the therapy session.
Lori Leonard is an Associate Professor in the Department of Health, Behavior and Society at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. Part of her research focuses on how young women with few resources experience HIV and AIDS in the USA at a time when HIV and AIDS are beginning to be thought of as chronic but manageable conditions. Jonathan M. Ellen is a Professor of Pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and is a practicing adolescent medicine physician. His research interests are focused on HIV and STD prevention and treatment for adolescents. 相似文献
Jonathan M. EllenEmail: |
Lori Leonard is an Associate Professor in the Department of Health, Behavior and Society at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. Part of her research focuses on how young women with few resources experience HIV and AIDS in the USA at a time when HIV and AIDS are beginning to be thought of as chronic but manageable conditions. Jonathan M. Ellen is a Professor of Pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and is a practicing adolescent medicine physician. His research interests are focused on HIV and STD prevention and treatment for adolescents. 相似文献
66.
Faden R Chwalow AJ Chase GA Quaid K Leonard C Holtzman NA 《Population and environment》1983,6(4):197-209
A survey asked 190 pregnant women their opinions on whether a hypothetical other woman would be justified in having an abortion under ten different circumstances, four of which related to abnormalities of the fetus. They were then asked whether they would be justified in having an abortion under these same circumstances. Also assessed were these women's views concerning the justifiability of abortion for a specific group of fetal abnormalities, neural tube defects. Respondents were more likely to view abortion as justifiable for a hypothetical other than for themselves. However, there was no evidence that pregnant women's views about abortion are more conservative than those of the general public. The majority of respondents considered abortion of a defective fetus to be justified, both for themselves and for others. The best predictor of abortion attitudes was respondent's views about the ideal number of children in a completed family.This research was supported by a grant from Maternal and Child Health Research, Bureau of Community Health Services, DHHS. Reprint requests should be sent to Dr. Ruth Faden at the Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Division of Health Education, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205. 相似文献
67.
Derogatis LR Clayton AH Goldstein A Lewis-D'Agostino D Wunderlich G Cotton D 《Journal of sex research》2011,48(6):565-572
Sex-related distress is integral to the diagnosis of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). This article describes the results of three prospective, non-treatment validation studies (two North American and one European), each testing over 200 participants with HSDD, other types of female sexual dysfunction (FSD), or no FSD in which the 12-item Female Sexual Distress Scale(?) (FSDS(?)), the 13-item FSDS-Revised(?)(FSDS-R(?)), and a single question asked using a daily electronic diary (the eDiary For HSDD Trials(?); eDiary) were used to measure sex-related distress. FSDS results with 30- and seven-day recall were equivalent. The results observed with FSDS-R Item 13 (a single question assessing concern due to low sexual desire) were comparable to the FSDS. Mean eDiary monthly distress scores were closer to the minimum possible score (equivalent to "a little bit" of distress) and were about twice as variable as FSDS or FSDS-R Item 13 scores in participants with HSDD. All three measures confirmed that there is more distress in women with HSDD compared to women with no sexual dysfunction at all time points, demonstrating discriminant validity. 相似文献
68.
Volunteers can be extremely valuable resources in a variety of ways in independent-living programs. This article summarizes current usage in many programs nationwide; details specific roles for volunteers, and where weaknesses lie; and specifies recommendations for strong volunteer programming. 相似文献
69.
70.
Phyllis B. Grodsky Leonard S. Kogan 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》1985,1(1):51-58
Representatives from 40 New York City social agencies were interviewed in order to determine the extent to which gambling is a problem among their clients. The findings indicate that (a) agency personnel rarely ask clients about gambling behavior either on intake or with continued agency contact; (b) rarely do clients spontaneously mention gambling as a problem; (c) problem gambling is usually brought to the attention of the agency by the wives of problem gamblers; and (d) gambling is a hidden family problem associated with marital discord and financial disarray. In order to have a better understanding of problem gambling and its vicissitudes it is recommended that agency personnel keep statistics on gambling and gambling related problems.This paper was revised after the untimely death of Leonard S. Kogan, Professor of Psychology and Director of the Center for Social Research, The Graduate School and University Center, The City University of New York. 相似文献