大学生创业恐惧心理现状及对策

大学生对待创业的态度是积极的,但是大多数学生没有进行创业实践。创业恐惧心理已经成为阻碍大学生进行自主创业实践的重要因素。大学生创业成功率低、缺乏对自身创业能力的客观评估、缺少有效的创业支持系统和缺失宽松的创业环境等原因导致了大学生创业恐惧心理的产生。高校要以培育创新创业精神为理念,实施大学生创业教育;通过鼓励大学生参与创业计划大赛,积累实战经验。社会要以政府社会力量为依托,建立大学生创业保障体系;建立进取包容的创业文化,优化大学生创业环境。     

Self-reported mobility and instrumental activities of daily living: test-retest reliability and criterion validity

To determine the test-retest reliability and criterion validity of self-reported function in mobility and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in older adults, a convenience sample of 70 subjects (72.9 ± 6.6 yr, 34 male) was split into able and disabled groups based on baseline assessment and into consistently able, consistently disabled, and inconsistent based on repeat assessments over 2 weeks. The criterion validities of the self-reported measures of mobility domain and IADL-physical subdomain were assessed with concurrent baseline measures of 4 mobility performances, and that of the self-reported measure of IADL-cognitive subdomain, with the Mini-Mental State Examination. Test-retest reliability was moderate for the mobility, IADL-physical, and IADL-cognitive subdomains (κ = .51-.66). Those who reported being able at baseline also performed better on physical- and cognitive-performance tests. Those with variable performance between test occasions tended to report inconsistently on repeat measures in mobility and IADL-cognitive, suggesting fluctuations in physical and cognitive performance.     

Family structure and child outcomes: a high definition, wide angle “snapshot”

Using data from the National Survey of America??s Families (NSAF), this research investigates the relationships between a highly defined set of family structures and a broad set of child outcomes at a particular point in time in a child??s life. A detailed classification of family structures is constructed that clarifies key differences among various types of diverse families, and facilitates equivalencies testing and pairwise comparisons across nontraditional family structures. The NSAF contains a large number of observations for less common, but growing, family structures such as single-father families, grandparent-headed households and cohabiters, which makes such detailed analyses feasible and allows further stratification by child age, gender and race. The data also contains information on child behavioral, educational and physical health outcomes, as well as extensive household characteristics, economic resources and parental behaviors and inputs. Results suggest that differences across nontraditional family structures are particularly prominent for child health outcomes and that the gender of the resident parent is empirically important, more so than the presence of a cohabiting or married step-parent. Children in single father families have lesser access to health care yet enjoy better health outcomes than those in other families, even after controlling for economic resources (and inputs). In contrast, few differences are found between grandparent-headed families and other non-parent families. While we explore alternative explanations for these results, our cross-sectional data and complex set of family structure variables preclude isolating causal relationships; instead, our analyses yield empirically important distinctions that point to promising avenues for future research.     

中职机电专业教学改革探讨

目前科技的飞速发展对中职毕业生提出了越来越高的要求,而学生的各方面素质却相对较差,学习积极性、主动性不高。以能力为本位进行中职机电专业课程体系改革是提高学生机电专业理论水平和动手操作能力的必然选择。根据机电专业岗位群的工作过程,分析了岗位能力要求,从而确定了本专业培养目标,设计了基于职业能力和项目化的学习情景,以求改革原有的课程设计理念,实现专业课程教育与工作任务与综合职业能力培养要求相统一的课程体系建设目标。     

中职《电工基础》课程有效教学探讨

在教学实践的基础上,着重从如何调动学生的学习兴趣,如何让学生尽可能多接受这门课程的知识上作一些有益的尝试,对如何改进中职《电工基础》教学方法提出几点看法,使学生"想学、易学、乐学",以提高中职《电工基础》课堂的有效性,推动教学质量的提高。     

上海外来白领生存压力与社会信心调查

上海外来白领生存压力与社会信心调查显示,外来白领对上海整体较为满意,对上海的社会信心较高,同时在工作生活中也面临住房、健康、经济收支、身份认同等四大突出压力。上海应积极出台有效政策措施,努力疏解当前上海外来白领工作生活中的突出压力。     

老中青三代图书馆员心理问题剖析

随着图书馆的现代化、网络化和数字化,图书馆服务形式日益多样化,加重了图书馆员职业压力,致使图书馆员心理问题日益显著,特别是不同年龄段的图书馆员有着特殊的心理问题,不仅影响了身心健康,也阻碍着工作的开展。文章针对老中青三代图书馆员中存在的若干心理问题进行调查分析,并从社会、图书馆、个人方面提出解决这些心理问题的对策。     

上海社会组织建设与社会转型研究

社团、民办非企业单位和基金会构成上海社会组织的主体。尽管上海社会组织建设工作取得了突出的成绩,但面临的现实问题不容忽视,且存在一些先天性的制度障碍。在当前社会转型条件下,上海社会组织建设必须坚持培育发展和监督管理并重的方针,加强分类指导,强化政策扶持,改革管理体制,完善内部机制,严格依法监管,切实发挥社会组织在加强社会建设、创新社会管理中的重要作用。     

天津科技服务业发展研究——产业协同和制度谐振的视角

在界定科技服务业内涵的基础上,提出了科技服务业发展动因的理论框架,认为科技服务业与其他高技术行业的产业协同和科技服务业与制度的谐振是科技服务业发展的主要动因。运用统计数据分析了天津市科技服务业的发展历程和现状,对比了天津、深圳、北京和上海的科技服务业发展。分析了天津高新技术产业和制度环境对科技服务业发展的影响,以及这两方面动因与其他城市的差别。天津科技服务业发展与其他城市相比还有差距,主因在于高新技术产业发展和制度环境滞后,未来的发展需要从借力金融创新和滨海新区建设、加大政策倾斜和投入、推进市场化改革等方向入手。