Opportunities for woman-initiated HIV prevention methods among female sex workers in southern China

Rapid changes in China over the past two decades have led to significant problems associated with population migration and changing social attitudes, including a growing sex industry and concurrent increases in STIs and HIV. This article reports results of an exploratory study of microbicide acceptability and readiness and current HIV prevention efforts among female sex workers in two rural and one urban town in Hainan and Guangxi Provinces in southern China. The study focused on these women's knowledge and cultural understandings of options for protecting themselves from exposure to STIs and HIV, and the potential viability and acceptability of woman-initiated prevention methods. We report on ethnographic elicitation interviews conducted with women working within informal sex-work establishments (hotels, massage and beauty parlors, roadside restaurants, boarding houses). We discuss implications of these findings for further promotion of woman-initiated prevention methods such as microbicides and female condoms among female sex workers in China.     

国际贸易中心指标体系构建及对上海国际贸易竞争力的评估和建议

随着长三角区域、亚洲区域市场一体化加快推进,上海国际贸易中心建设可充分利用长三角区域枢纽区位优势,从提升总部功能发力,从点上政策突破到面上统筹,对外汇、人才、贸易便利化、数据跨境流动进行系统安排,集聚跨国公司总部;从结算、采购、营销、物流、分拨等功能层面进行分类施策,推动贸易主体营运功能衍生;发挥金融、保险、咨询等专业服务优势,使上海成为长三角区域、国内企业国际营销网络的开拓通道.     

Outlier detection and robust variable selection via the penalized weighted LAD-LASSO method

This paper studies the outlier detection and robust variable selection problem in the linear regression model. The penalized weighted least absolute deviation (PWLAD) regression estimation method and the adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) are combined to simultaneously achieve outlier detection, and robust variable selection. An iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the proposed optimization problem. Monte Carlo studies are evaluated the finite-sample performance of the proposed methods. The results indicate that the finite sample performance of the proposed methods performs better than that of the existing methods when there are leverage points or outliers in the response variable or explanatory variables. Finally, we apply the proposed methodology to analyze two real datasets.     

辽宁装备制造业的全新道路

用具有自主知识产权的先进设备装备各个工业部门,是中国发展装备制造业的重要目标,因为重大装备制造业关系国家经济安全,必须要在加大投入、加强研发的基础上提高自主创新的能力,拥有自主知识产权。沈阳机床等一批辽宁装备制造业企业探索出一条成功的自主发展之路。     

广西经济发展缓慢的原因分析

本文从东部沿海开放时的行动滞后、发展战略、产业结构调整、投资理念和资源主导型经济等几个方面分析了广西经济发展缓慢的主要原因,并简略地提出广西未来经济发展的对策。     

论道光年间滇南地区土司“文化治边”之举措——以《滇事杂档》史料为中心

道光年间滇南地区土司依靠清王朝授予的诰敕、号纸、印信等信物取得合法统治权之后,他们通过治边文化软实力的浸润,采取多种举措体现自己的权力象征,以实现“文化治边”的目标。具体而言,“文化治边”举措有四：一是在物质文化方面,土司衙署的建立;二是在制度文化方面,印信号纸的获得;三是在行为文化方面,土司法令的施行;四是在精神文化方面,表征系统、话语体系和意识形态等文化权力结构的建立。《滇事杂档》相关史料中以文治和教化等文化权力表征体系来治理滇南土司地区的思想,既是对清代中期官僚政治的认识与理解,又是对道光年间土司文化治权的阐述和诠释。     

中国大学文化转型:历史、现状及路径

目前中国大学存在的一系列弊端,既有种种现实原因,也与中国古代高等教育的传统有关。中国古代高等教育体系诞生于小农经济的土壤之上,依附于大一统的中央集权的君权专制政治体制,形成了从属于政府、集权管理、实用主义等显著特征。近代以来,蔡元培、梁启超等教育家经过不断探索,借鉴西方大学的经验,反思中国高等教育的痼疾,基本确立了中国大学文化的理念。但在二十世纪中叶以后,随着社会环境的变化,中国大学文化以新的形式向中国古代高等教育传统回归。改革开放以来,由于某些特殊的原因,中国大学文化并未发生根本变化,阻碍了我国大学的健康发展。我们有必要深入反思中国高等教育的传统,在大学理念和制度设计上实现彻底变革,实现中国大学文化的现代转型。     

基于顾客感知价值的顾客满意研究

越来越多的企业将顾客满意视为最重要的成功因素。企业界和学术界以往把产品或服务质量作为决定顾客满意的主要驱动因素,比较忽视顾客在交易全过程各种形式的付出。顾客感知价值是顾客对产品与服务在权衡利得与利失基础上形成的评价与偏好,是决定顾客满意的重要前提。顾客感知价值与顾客满意间存在层次上的互动,从而形成不同层次的顾客满意。顾客感知价值为企业真正实现顾客满意管理提供了新的认识途径和管理基础。     

自由主义思潮与民法基本理念——一种历史的、哲学的考察

自由主义作为一种思潮,是民法的哲学基础,私法自治原则就是自由主义思潮在民法的体现。私法自治在我国民法理论和立法中应如何定位,一方面充分借鉴自由主义思潮崇尚平等自由、尊重权利、重视市场和市民社会自治等观念,在私法与公法的关系中,我国应充分体现私法优位、私法自治原则,充分确认和保护私权主体的权利享有和行为自由,将国家和公法干预减少并限制在最低限度;另一方面,吸取西方自由主义发展中的教训,避免极端个人主义和自由放任主义泛滥,在私法范畴中,我们应在最大限度赋予私法主体自由、尊重和呵护私权利的同时,采取公序良俗、诚实信用以及司法的“二次干预”等合理适度的控制措施,对权利滥用行为进行干预,以兼顾社会公正。     

Parallels Between Objective Indicators and Subjective Perceptions of Quality of Life: A Study of Metropolitan and County Areas in Taiwan

This study explores the consistency between objective indicators and subjective perceptions of quality of life in a ranking of survey data for cities and counties in Taiwan. Data used for analysis included the Statistical Yearbook of Hsiens and Municipalities and the Survey on Living Conditions of Citizens in Taiwan, both given for the year 2000. The Quality of life was examined in seven domains: medical services, domestic finances, work, education, leisure, public safety, and environmental quality. Subjective and objective rankings for each domain of quality of life for 23 areas (some areas are cities and some are counties) are compared. Analysis by means of nonparametric correlation coefficients indicates that there is no significant correlation between objective indicators and subjective perceptions, except in Education and Environmental Quality. Objective indicators of Environmental Quality (air pollution and garbage) are positively correlated with subjective satisfaction with residential environment. But inexplicably, higher levels of literacy and educational achievement are negatively correlated with satisfaction with the educational system. It may be considered that disparity in either average objective conditions or in average subjective perceptions may not adequately depict quality of life differences.