Comparing Two Survival Time Distributions: An Investigation of Several Weight Functions for the Weighted Logrank Statistic

In survival analysis, it is often of interest to test whether or not two survival time distributions are equal, specifically in the presence of censored data. One very popular test statistic utilized in this testing procedure is the weighted logrank statistic. Much attention has been focused on finding flexible weight functions to use within the weighted logrank statistic, and we propose yet another. We demonstrate our weight function to be more stable than one of the most popular, which is given by Fleming and Harrington, by means of asymptotic normal tests, bootstrap tests and permutation tests performed on two datasets with a variety of characteristics.     

Assessing the Exacerbations Risk of Influenza‐Associated Chronic Occupational Asthma

The purpose of this article was to conduct a risk‐based study based on a linkage of experimental human influenza infections and fluctuation analysis of airway function to assess whether influenza viral infection was risk factor for exacerbations of chronic occupational asthma. Here we provided a comprehensive probabilistic analysis aimed at quantifying influenza‐associated exacerbations risk for occupational asthmatics, based on a combination of published distributions of viral shedding and symptoms scores and lung respiratory system properties characterized by long‐range peak expiratory flow (PEF) dynamics. Using a coupled detrended fluctuation analysis‐experimental human influenza approach, we estimated the conditional probability of moderate or severe lung airway obstruction and hence the exacerbations risk of influenza‐associated occupational asthma in individuals. The long‐range correlation exponent (α) was used as a predictor of future exacerbations risk of influenza‐associated asthma. For our illustrative distribution of PEF fluctuations and influenza‐induced asthma exacerbations risk relations, we found that the probability of exacerbations risk can be limited to below 50% by keeping α to below 0.53. This study also found that limiting wheeze scores to 0.56 yields a 75% probability of influenza‐associated asthma exacerbations risk and a limit of 0.34 yields a 50% probability that may give a representative estimate of the distribution of chronic respiratory system properties. This study implicates that influenza viral infection is an important risk factor for exacerbations of chronic occupational asthma.     

人力资源再造:改写组织命运的革新工程

人力资源再造是继企业再造之后又一再造工程.但受主客观条件的制约,长期以来,有关人力资源再造的研究一直处于半停滞状态,直接导致今天人力资源再造理论的不完善性.本文从文献回顾入手,对人力资源再造的内涵、必要性以及人力资源再造流程做了一定程度的探讨.     

Business Interruption Impacts of a Terrorist Attack on the Electric Power System of Los Angeles: Customer Resilience to a Total Blackout

Regional economies are highly dependent on electricity, thus making their power supply systems attractive terrorist targets. We estimate the largest category of economic losses from electricity outages-business interruption-in the context of a total blackout of electricity in Los Angeles. We advance the state of the art in the estimation of the two factors that strongly influence the losses: indirect effects and resilience. The results indicate that indirect effects in the context of general equilibrium analysis are moderate in size. The stronger factor, and one that pushes in the opposite direction, is resilience. Our analysis indicates that electricity customers have the ability to mute the potential shock to their business operations by as much as 86%. Moreover, market resilience lowers the losses, in part through the dampening of general equilibrium effects.     

敏捷供应链背景下企业合作关系对企业绩效的影响

现有理论文献认为,良好的企业合作关系能够提高企业绩效,但对于其作用效果和作用路径仍缺乏实证研究的支持.本文以重庆市的242家企业为研究样本,通过因子分析和结构方程模型研究了企业合作关系、敏捷供应链和企业绩效三者之间的关系,验证了企业合作关系对敏捷供应链效益、企业绩效水平具有显著的正向影响,而敏捷供应链效益可以很好地提高企业的绩效水平.     

互动公平、委员会决策程序公平与员工决策承诺:基于公平启发理论与不确定管理理论的实证研究

借助层级团队形式制定决策,决策者能激发员工的决策承诺,确保决策的有效执行。以委员会作为决策者的层级团队为例,本文探讨了以下问题:当存在个体对自身胜任力的自信、专用性人力资本投资这两个因素的影响时,互动公平与委员会决策程序公平效应及它们之间的交互效应会发生什么变化?引入公平启发理论与不确定管理理论,本文假设并检验了上述四个因素如何交互作用于员工决策承诺。以两家大型商业银行信贷业务人员为研究对象,实证研究表明:(1)自信和专用性人力资本投资对委员会决策程序公平效应有着显著调节作用,但它们对互动公平效应的调节作用不显著;(2)当存在自信和专用性人力资本投资的影响时,较强的互动公平与委员会决策程序公平之间的交互效应更稳定一些,而较低的互动公平感知与程序公平之间的交互效应在方向上发生变化。本文有助于管理者理解"公平何时能引致员工合作"这一问题,帮助其更好地把握决策过程以获得员工对其决策的支持。本研究的假设完全基于公平启发理论(FHT)和不确定管理理论(UMT)的理论逻辑做出,实证结果与FHT和UMT的理论预测以及已有实证研究结果相一致,这意味着本研究具有较高可信性和可靠性,能为进一步理论探索提供了比较坚实的基础。     

国外反生产行为研究回顾与展望

近年来,反生产行为引起了众多学者的研究兴趣,并产生了丰富的研究成果。本文首先对反生产行为的内涵、结构维度进行深入剖析和总结,进而从个体因素和情景因素两个方面对反生产行为的前因变量进行了系统梳理,最后探讨了反生产行为的潜在积极影响和消极影响。在此基础上,从结构维度、前因变量、动机、潜在影响以及中国本土化研究几个方面提出了未来的研究方向。     

失语者与替罪羊：南宋“公吏世界”隐含的悖论

在公吏位势最为低谷的南宋时期，“公吏世界”说反而甚嚣尘上，历史书写与历史事实之间巨大反差的背后，必然存在诸多隐讳的悖论。“公吏世界”几乎是“公吏作恶”的代名词。公吏“恶象”的形成，首先是因为公吏是官府善政的失语者，基于与科学人性论存在诸多相悖之处的儒家人性论，公吏先天就不可能出现在善政书写中。不仅如此，公吏还是官府恶政的替罪羊。南宋州县官违法征税是常态，却不愿坦然承担违法恶名，遂将恶名转嫁公吏，反复宣称公吏是违法征税的最大受益者。同时，公吏还是官户豪横的替罪羊。官户非法攫取了社会大部分财富，但士大夫的书写却极力强化本为帮凶的公吏的关键角色，反而极力淡化官户的豪横形象。在塑造“公吏世界”的过程中，士大夫成功地让公吏成为了社会负面的关注焦点和社会矛盾的缓冲阀。     

三七、黄芪、五味子、枸杞对小鼠SOD活性的影响

本实验研究了三七、黄芪、五味子、枸杞四味中药分别对小鼠血液以及脑、肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶 (SuperoxideDismutose简称SOD)活性的影响。结果表明 4味中药均能不同程度地使小鼠血液中以及脑、肝组织中SOD活性增高     

第二语言习得中母语迁移现象分析

根据语言共性与语言标记性理论,结合第二语言教学实践收集的资料,分析第二语言习得中母语迁移现象,结果表明:与对比分析假设相比较,语言标记性理论对于解释母语迁移现象及第二语言习得者面临的学习困难有较明显优势。