Outlier detection and robust variable selection via the penalized weighted LAD-LASSO method

This paper studies the outlier detection and robust variable selection problem in the linear regression model. The penalized weighted least absolute deviation (PWLAD) regression estimation method and the adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) are combined to simultaneously achieve outlier detection, and robust variable selection. An iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the proposed optimization problem. Monte Carlo studies are evaluated the finite-sample performance of the proposed methods. The results indicate that the finite sample performance of the proposed methods performs better than that of the existing methods when there are leverage points or outliers in the response variable or explanatory variables. Finally, we apply the proposed methodology to analyze two real datasets.     

辽宁装备制造业的全新道路

用具有自主知识产权的先进设备装备各个工业部门,是中国发展装备制造业的重要目标,因为重大装备制造业关系国家经济安全,必须要在加大投入、加强研发的基础上提高自主创新的能力,拥有自主知识产权。沈阳机床等一批辽宁装备制造业企业探索出一条成功的自主发展之路。     

Parallels Between Objective Indicators and Subjective Perceptions of Quality of Life: A Study of Metropolitan and County Areas in Taiwan

This study explores the consistency between objective indicators and subjective perceptions of quality of life in a ranking of survey data for cities and counties in Taiwan. Data used for analysis included the Statistical Yearbook of Hsiens and Municipalities and the Survey on Living Conditions of Citizens in Taiwan, both given for the year 2000. The Quality of life was examined in seven domains: medical services, domestic finances, work, education, leisure, public safety, and environmental quality. Subjective and objective rankings for each domain of quality of life for 23 areas (some areas are cities and some are counties) are compared. Analysis by means of nonparametric correlation coefficients indicates that there is no significant correlation between objective indicators and subjective perceptions, except in Education and Environmental Quality. Objective indicators of Environmental Quality (air pollution and garbage) are positively correlated with subjective satisfaction with residential environment. But inexplicably, higher levels of literacy and educational achievement are negatively correlated with satisfaction with the educational system. It may be considered that disparity in either average objective conditions or in average subjective perceptions may not adequately depict quality of life differences.

低生育水平下的生育成本收益研究——来自江苏省的调查

文章应用江苏生育意愿与生育行为调查结果,研究符合二孩生育政策妇女的生育行为、生育计划和生育观念,主要从妇女的角度分析生育威本和生育收益,并应用多元统计分析方法重点分析生育成本对妇女生育计划的影响.研究发现,育龄妇女大多认为满足精神需求是最重要的生育理由,而第二个孩子的养育成本是主要考虑因素.在控制了年龄、受教育程度、居住地、户口性质、婚姻状况、生育观念等特征后,生育的经济成本和心理成本对妇女生育二孩的计划有显著影响.     

广西北部湾经济区文化发展研究

广西北部湾经济区文化发展是作为国家战略的<广西北部湾经济区发展规划>不可缺少的有机部分.根据文化发展理论与区域文化现状,探索适合北部湾城市群文化发展模式,目标是建设一个经济发达、社会文明、文化繁荣的文化城市群.其核心是,共建文化服务体系、共建文化市场体系、共建文化企业体系、共同配置文化资源、共同制定文化政策、共同实行文化体制改革,为国内中西部地区的文化发展起到示范与引领作用.     

对当前中国启动内需的思考

当前国内经济下行与产能过剩,根源在于内需不足与出口主导型战略下西方负债型消费模式,导致中国产业规模过度扩张与产业结构失衡.启动内需是大国经济增长和稳定的基石,应该作为国家长期战略来贯彻执行.启动内需不是由政府代替消费者来花钱,而是重在构建经济持续健康发展的体制环境.中国应进行产权制度的改革创新,降低税收并减少由政府主导的投资;建立健全社会保障体系,稳定物价水平;创新金融体制,完善市场机制,营造有利于创业就业的体制环境;大力发展农村经济,提高农民收入;扶持中小企业的发展;大力发展服务业,促进消费转型.     

A Warning Zone Method for the Multiperiod Cost Variance Investigation Problem

This paper develops a warning zone approach to make variance investigation decisions for a multiperiod process. The assumed cost generation process varies between an in-control and out-of-control state. These states cannot be directly observed, but must be inferred from the reported cost variances. Using the warning zone method of inference, the manager investigates the process whenever an upper threshold is exceeded or a lower threshold is exceeded for two consecutive periods. A four-state Markov chain models the resulting decision process. Steady state probabilities are derived for this chain and are used to obtain explicit formulas for the effectiveness and efficiency of the decision process. These formulas permit computation of the cost savings attainable by the warning zone method. Compared to other decision rules, the warning zone method is much simpler than the theoretically optimal Bayesian revision method, but uses more information than the Markovian control limit method. Numerical comparison of results shows that the warning zone method usually captures most of the available cost savings, even in cases where the Markovian control limit method does not perform well.     

A study of quadratic inference functions with alternative weighting matrices

Quadratic inference function (QIF) is an alternative methodology to the popular generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach, it does not involve direct estimation of the correlation parameter, and thus remains optimal even if the working correlation structure is misspecified. The idea is to represent the inverse of the working correlation matrix by a linear combination of some basis matrices. In this article, we present a modification of QIF with a robust variance estimator of the extended score function. Theoretical and numerical results show that the modified QIF attains better efficiency and achieves better small sample performance than the original QIF method.