体育场馆融资模式选择框架研究

我国传统的体育场馆建设融资模式存在建设资金有限、赛后经营困难、管理效率低等问题，已不能适应体育场馆的建设需要，迫切需要引入新的融资模式。BOT(Built-Operation-Transfer)、PPP(Public-Private-Partnership)等融资模式在国外体育场馆融资中得到了广泛应用，对我国体育场馆融资模式的更新和多样化有积极的意义。从融资难度、风险分配等方面比较各种融资模式的特点，分析了体育场馆准公共产品特点对融资模式选择的影响，提出了基于场馆类型、场馆重要程度、融资和经营难度与期望目标四维的体育场馆融资模式选择框架模型。     

谈汉语诗词中的叠词英译

叠词是汉语的一种修辞格,能带来特殊的语言表达效果。叠词形式多样、功能不一,在传达情感、强调意义和创造意境等方面颇具功效,其使用可促进语言形式和内容达到艺术统一。在结构工整严谨、对字词精炼传神、美学效果要求较高的汉语古诗词中,叠词起着不可忽视的作用。聚焦汉语古诗词中叠词的常见类型、特殊功能,关注其英译的策略原则是必要的。     

进攻——俄罗斯军事思想的主要特色

进攻与防御是军事上的两个基本方面,是矛盾的对立统一体.通常,弱者防御,强者进攻.但是,俄罗斯在自己并非始终强大的情况下,把进攻作为主要军事思想,获得最大利益,则是例外.沙皇时期军事进攻是侵略扩张和寻找出海口的需要,苏联时期军事进攻是巩固国防和追求霸权主义的需要,当代俄罗斯军事进攻则是实现强国梦和重登国际舞台的需要.     

“在人际关系中创造性转换的自我”何以可能？——评杜维明对儒家“哲学人类学”的“创造性阐释”

杜维明以哲学人类学的视角对儒学作出“创造性阐释”，把儒家哲学阐释为一种哲学的人类学。认为儒家的人性自我的实现除了需要内在主体在自我修养中不断深化外，还需要在外在人际关系的层层拓展与交互作用中进行创造性转换。但这种“创造性阐释”方法仅仅是观念的诠释，既不符合儒家思想的本意，也缺乏历史条件的支撑，更不可能在现代社会中实现创造性的转换。     

国籍法的现代发展趋势

20世纪以来,随着主权国家的大量兴起及跨国人员流动的愈趋频繁和复杂,国籍法的发展呈现出了以下四方面的态势:国内立法日益向单行法方向转化;国际渊源不断丰富,相关国际条约层出不穷;内容日趋先进,平等、非歧视观念逐渐得到贯彻;趋同化倾向正在不断加强。     

Estimating household structure in ancient China by using historical data: a latent class analysis of partially missing patterns

Summary.  Social data often contain missing information. The problem is inevitably severe when analysing historical data. Conventionally, researchers analyse complete records only. Listwise deletion not only reduces the effective sample size but also may result in biased estimation, depending on the missingness mechanism. We analyse household types by using population registers from ancient China (618–907 AD) by comparing a simple classification, a latent class model of the complete data and a latent class model of the complete and partially missing data assuming four types of ignorable and non-ignorable missingness mechanisms. The findings show that either a frequency classification or a latent class analysis using the complete records only yielded biased estimates and incorrect conclusions in the presence of partially missing data of a non-ignorable mechanism. Although simply assuming ignorable or non-ignorable missing data produced consistently similarly higher estimates of the proportion of complex households, a specification of the relationship between the latent variable and the degree of missingness by a row effect uniform association model helped to capture the missingness mechanism better and improved the model fit.     

谈如何提高外语教师的自身素质

在这改革开放进一步深入的时代 ,外语及外语人才将变得越来越重要 ,而外语教师作为外语人才的培养者 ,将面临着巨大的挑战 ,急需在业务水平、现代语言知识的掌握、严谨治学、为人师表等方面进行综合素质的提高     

Kurtosis modelling by means of the J-transformation

Summary: The H–family of distributions or H–distributions, introduced by Tukey (1960; 1977), are generated by a single transformation of the standard normal distribution and allow for leptokurtosis represented by the parameter h. Alternatively, Haynes et al. (1997) generated leptokurtic distributions by applying the K–transformation to the normal distribution. In this study we propose a third transformation, the so–called J–transformation, and derive some properties of this transformation. Moreover, so-called elongation generating functions (EGFs) are introduced. By means of EGFs we are able to visualize the strength of tail elongation and to construct new transformations. Finally, we compare the three transformations towards their goodness–of–fit in the context of financial return data.     

Unequal at the Starting Line: Creating Participatory Inequalities across Generations and among Groups

We investigate how inequalities in political participation are shaped across generations by considering the influence of family background--in particular, parents' education and political involvement--on political participation. We pursue this issue, first, for individuals, investigating the effects of parental characteristics on the participatory profile of their offspring. Then, we use what we have learned to understand how group differences in political participation--between women and men and among Latinos, African Americans, and Anglo Whites--are rooted in the legacy of class and political background and in experiences throughout the life cycle.